Unit 7 vocabulary quiz

Question 1

Cold War

Answer 1

The rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States that divided much of Europe into a Soviet-aligned
Communist bloc and a U.S.-aligned capitalist bloc between 1945 and 1989.

Question 2

displaced persons

Answer 2

Postwar refugees, including 13 million Germans, former Nazi prisoners and forced laborers, and orphaned children.

Question 3

Truman Doctrine

Answer 3

America’s policy geared to containing communism to those countries already under Soviet control.

Question 4

Marshall Plan

Answer 4

American plan for providing economic aid to western Europe to help it rebuild.

Question 5

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON)

Answer 5

An economic organization of Communist states meant to help rebuild East Bloc countries under Soviet auspices.

Question 6

NATO

Answer 6

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, an anti-Soviet military alliance of Western governments.

Question 7

Warsaw Pact

Answer 7

Soviet-backed military alliance of East Bloc Communist countries in Europe.

Question 8

economic miracle

Answer 8

Term contemporaries used to describe rapid economic growth, often based on the consumer sector, in post–World War
II western Europe.

Question 9

Christian Democrats

Answer 9

Center-right political parties that rose to power in western Europe after the Second World War.

Question 10

Common Market

Answer 10

The European Economic Community, created by six western and central European countries in the West Bloc in 1957 as
part of a larger search for European unity.

Question 11

Socialist Realism

Answer 11

Artistic movement that followed the dictates of Communist ideals, enforced by state control in the Soviet Union and
East Bloc countries in the 1950s and 1960s.

Question 12

de-Stalinization

Answer 12

The liberalization of the post-Stalin Soviet Union led by reformer Nikita Khrushchev.

Question 13

decolonization

Answer 13

The postwar reversal of Europe’s overseas expansion caused by the rising demand of the colonized peoples themselves,
the declining power of European nations, and the freedoms promised by U.S. and Soviet ideals.

Question 14

nonalignment

Answer 14

Policy of postcolonial governments to remain neutral in the Cold War and play both the United States and the Soviet
Union for what they could get.

Question 15

guest worker programs

Answer 15

Government-run programs in western Europe designed to recruit labor for the booming postwar economy.

Question 16

postcolonial migration

Answer 16

The postwar movement of people from former colonies and the developing world into Europe.

Question 17

Ostpolitik

Answer 17

German for Chancellor Willy Brandt’s new “Eastern policy”; West Germany’s attempt in the 1970s to ease diplomatic
tensions with East Germany, exemplifying the policies of détente.

Question 18

détente

Answer 18

The progressive relaxation of Cold War tensions that emerged in the early 1970s.

Question 19

Second Vatican Council

Answer 19

A meeting of Catholic leaders convened from 1962 to 1965 that initiated a number of reforms, including the
replacement of Latin with local languages in church services, designed to democratize the church and renew its appeal.

Question 20

New Left

Answer 20

A 1960s counterculture movement that embraced updated forms of Marxism to challenge both Western capitalism and
Soviet-style communism.

Question 21

Brezhnev Doctrine

Answer 21

Doctrine created by Leonid Brezhnev that held that the Soviet Union had the right to intervene in any East Bloc country
when necessary to preserve Communist rule.

Question 22

OPEC

Answer 22

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Question 23

stagflation

Answer 23

Term coined in the early 1980s to describe the combination of low growth and high inflation that led to a worldwide
recession.

Question 24

postindustrial society

Answer 24

A society that relies on high-tech and service-oriented jobs for economic growth rather than heavy industry and
manufacturing jobs.

Question 25

neoliberalism

Answer 25

Philosophy of 1980s conservatives who argued for privatization of state-run industries and decreased government
spending on social services.

Question 26

privatization

Answer 26

The sale of state-managed industries such as transportation and communication networks to private owners; a key
aspect of broader neoliberal economic reforms meant to control government spending, increase private profits, and
foster economic growth, which were implemented in western Europe in response to the economic crisis of the 1970s.

Question 27

developed socialism

Answer 27

A term used by Communist leaders to describe the socialist accomplishments of their societies, such as nationalized
industry, collective agriculture, and extensive social welfare programs.

Question 28

Solidarity

Answer 28

Independent Polish trade union that worked for workers’ rights and political reform throughout the 1980s.

Question 29

perestroika

Answer 29

Economic restructuring and reform implemented by Premier Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union in 1985.

Question 30

glasnost

Answer 30

Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev’s popular campaign for openness in government and the media.

Question 31

Velvet Revolution

Answer 31

The term given to the relatively peaceful overthrow of communism in Czechoslovakia; the label came to signify the
collapse of the East Bloc in general in 1989 to 1990.