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biology 9hn > unit 7 - quiz 1 > Flashcards

unit 7 - quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Gregor Mendel

A

Does genetic experiment with pea plants in the 1860s

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2
Q

Oswald Avery

A

Finds that DNA is genetic material in 1944

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3
Q

Erwin Chargraff

A

Finds that A pairs with T and G pairs with C in 1949

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4
Q

Hershey and Chase

A

Confirmed that DNA is genetic material in 1952

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5
Q

Wilkins and Franklin

A

Took pictures of DNA to show it was a double helix in 1953

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6
Q

Watson and Crick

A

Made the first model of DNA in 1953, winning them the noble prize in 1962

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7
Q

What happened to the knowledge of DNA in 2003?

A

Completion of Human Genome Project

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8
Q

What is the function of DNA?

A

DNA stores genetic info used to make proteins

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9
Q

How does DNA store genetic information?

A

DNA codes for proteins in the sequence (order) of nucleotides in its structure

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10
Q

Where is DNA found in prokaryotic cells?

A

In the cytoplasm

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11
Q

Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells?

A

In the nucleus

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12
Q

What are the two forms of DNA?

A

Chromosomes and chromatin

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13
Q

What does “DNA” stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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14
Q

DNA is a type of organic compound called a ________ ______.

A

Nucleic acid

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15
Q

What are the monomers of DNA called?

A

Nucleotides

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16
Q

What are the 3 parts of nucleotides?

A

Phosphate
Sugar
Nitrogen base (one)

17
Q

What are the 4 types of nitrogen bases?

A

Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Thymine

18
Q

What are purines?

A

Base consisting of 2 nitrogen-containing rings

19
Q

What are some examples of purines?

A

Adenine and Guanine

20
Q

What are pyrimidines?

A

Base consisting of 1 nitrogen containing rings

21
Q

What are some examples of pyrimidines?

A

Thymine and Cytosine

22
Q

What pairs with adenine?

A

Thymine

23
Q

What pairs with guanine?

A

Cytosine

24
Q

What is the shape of DNA?

A

Double helix or twisted ladder, made up of 2 complementary stands (a-t, c-g) that are antiparallel (parallel but moving in opposite directions)

25
Q

What are hydrogen bonds?

A

Form between bases, holds 2 strands together

26
Q

How many hydrogen bonds are there between adenine and thymine?

A

2

27
Q

how many hydrogen bonds are there between cytosine and guanine?

A

3

28
Q

What is the goal of DNA replication?

A

To create 2 identical molecules of DNA (occurs in the S phase of interphase)

29
Q

What is the meaning of semi conservative replication?

A

Each new DNA molecule has ONE old strand and ONE new strand

30
Q

What is the first stage of DNA replication?

A

Helicase (enzyme) unwinds and unzips the DNA double helix by breaking down the hydrogen bonds

31
Q

What is the second stage of DNA replication?

A

DNA polymerase brings complementary DNA molecules to bond with nucleotides on the original DNA strand (both leading and lagging)

32
Q

What is the third stage of DNA replication?

A

Ligase seals the DNA fragments - the result of two identical DNA molecules

33
Q

What are okazaki fragments?

A

Small sections of DNA that are formed during discontinuous synthesis of the lagging strand during DNA replication

34
Q

What is the replication fork?

A

The area where the replication of DNA will actually take place

35
Q

What is the leading stand in DNA replication?

A

The parent strand of DNA which runs in the 3’ to 5’ direction toward the fork

36
Q

What is the lagging stand in DNA replication?

A

New DNA is made by enzymes called DNA polymerases, which require a template and a primer (starter) and synthesize DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction

37
Q

What is continuous replication?

A

Immediate replication on the leading strand

38
Q

What is discontinuous replication?

A

The synthesis of a new strand of a replicating DNA molecule as a series of short fragments that are subsequently joined together on the lagging strand

39
Q

What are RNA primers?

A

An RNA primer is a short segment of single-stranded RNA used as a binding site for DNA polymerase to initiate DNA replication

biology 9hn (6 decks)

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