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biology 9hn > unit 3 quiz > Flashcards

unit 3 quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 4 parts of the of the cell membrane?

A

phospholipids, proteins, carbonhydrates, cholesterol

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1
Q

what are the two different parts of phospholipids and what is their function?

A

phospholipids are the main part of the cell membrane
the two parts are the hydrophilic (polar) head (contains phosphate, attracted to water molecules) and the hydrophobic (nonpolar) tail (contains fatty acids, repelled by water molecules)

*diagram in notes packet

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2
Q

what do the proteins in a cell membrane do?

A

help transport materials in and out of the cell

*diagram in notes packet

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3
Q

what do the carbonhydrates do in the cell membrane?

A

signal and identify particles outside the cell (similar to antenna)

*diagram in notes packet

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4
Q

what does the cholesterol in the cell membrane do?

A

keeps membrane fluid, prevents lipids tails from sticking together

*diagram in notes packet

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

what are the two main functions of the cell membrane?

A

boundary (cell can move around and change shape)
maintains homeostasis (transport materials in and out of the cell easily)

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7
Q

what enters the cell through the cell membrane?

A

food, water, oxygen

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8
Q

what leaves the cell through the cell membrane?

A

waste products, carbon dioxide

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9
Q
A
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9
Q

what is passive transport?

A

molecules move from high to low concentrations (spread out), along the concentration gradient, does NOT require energy, ex. spraying cologne inside

*remember high to low, “go with the flow”

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10
Q

what is active transport?

A

molecules move from low to high concentration, against the concentration gradient, requires energy, ex. sucking the cologne back into the container

*remember low to high, you gotta try

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11
Q

what does are body store energy as?

A

carbohydrates and lipids

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12
Q

is most of the chemical energy in our bodies immediately available to cells or not?

A

it is not

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13
Q

what is ATP?

A

a molecules that provides usable energy for cells (to do chemical reactions)

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14
Q

what does the “A” in ATP stand for?

A

adenosine

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15
Q

what does the “T” in ATP stand for?

A

tri (3)

16
Q

what does the “P” in ATP stand for?

A

phosphate

17
Q

how many phosphate groups are present in one ATP molecule?

A

3

18
Q

where is energy in the ATP stored?

A

in the bonds between the phosphates

*look at the molecule in notes packet carefully!

19
Q

where is ATP made?

A

in the mitochondria

20
Q

what is concentration gradient?

A

the difference of the amount of a substance in two different areas

20
Q

what is concentration?

A

the amount of something in a defined amount of space

21
Q

what is equilibrium?

A

the concentration of a substance is equal throughout a space

*look at diagram in notes packet!

22
Q

what are the three types of passive transport?

A

simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis (water)

23
Q

what is simple diffusion?

A

when molecules move directly through the membrane (high to low) until they reach equilibrium

24
Q

what is facilitated diffusion?

A

when molecules use a protein channel to cross the plasma membrane (high to low)

25
Q

what is osmosis (water)?

A

the movement of water molecules (high to low)

26
Q

what are the three different types of active transport?

A

endocytosis, exocytosis, protein pump

27
Q

what is endocytosis?

A

brings large particles INSIDE the cell (ex. proteins, sugars, starch)

28
Q

what is exocytosis?

A

takes waste (large molecules) OUT of the cell (ex. CO2, waste)

29
Q

what is pragocytosis?

A

cell “eating”

30
Q

what is pinocytosis?

A

cell “drinking”

31
Q

what is it when active transport is protein pump?

A

large molecules moving against the concentration gradient (LOW TO HIGH), requires ATP (energy)

32
Q

what is the plasma membrane?

A

the membrane found in all cells that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment

33
Q

what is the definition of polar?

A
34
Q

what is the definition of nonpolar?

A
35
Q

what is hydrophilic?

A

attracted to water

36
Q

what is hydrophobic?

A

repelled by water

37
Q

what is metabolism?

A

all of the chemical reactions in an organism (we use chemical reactions to get the energy we need to live)

38
Q

what is homeostasis?

A

maintaining or keeping balance inside an organism

biology 9hn (6 decks)

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