Unit 7 - Psychology of Human Relationships Flashcards
Hellen Fisher 2005
“Attraction as Addiction”
Aim: Prove that romantic love is a neurobiological process similar to drug addiction
Method:
- 10 women, 7 men deeply in love
- Questionaire about feelings/
- fMRI, pictures of loved ones, distraction task, acquaintance
Conclusion: brain mechanisms same as drugs in dopamine pathway
Hormones
Oxytocin - Love Hormone
Vassopressin - Stable long term bonding
Pheromones
Produced and relased by animals, affect otherse
Reciprocity
Social exchange within a relatinahip
Familiariity
We like things we see repetitevely
Mere-exposure effect
Familiarity
Our liking of something increases if were are exposed
Attraction similarity model
We are attracted to those we perceive as similar to us
Proximity
Frequency of meeting someone (MEE) and famiiariy have a role in human relationships
Social Penetration Theory
As relationship develops over time, exchanges btwn individuals go from shallow to deep
Attribution Theory
We understand the behaviour of ourseolbes anmd others by attributing behaviours to causes
Gottman 4 Horsemen
He had a laboratory were he investigated relationships, had a theory of why relationships ended based on communication
- Criticism (attack person)
- Contempt (disrespect)
- Defensiveness (play victim)
- Stone walling (withdraw of confersation)
Group
2 or moer individuals who perceive themselves as members of a group and group is recognized by someone else
Deindiviudalization
Sense of anonymity in a group
Social Exchange Theory
People want to join a group that offers them max reward
Cooperation
Effective communication
Help each other
Division of labour
All worth & valid
Competition
Low to non communication
Individual tasks
SUperiiory complex
Less production
Rejection od Ifeas
Realistic group conflict theory (RGCT)
Conflict occurs whenj two groups have oppisng goals and competing for limited reasources
Realistic group conflict theory (RGCT)
Conflict occurs when two groups have opposing goals and competing for limited reasources
Sherif Robber Caves Experiment
Aim: Prove RGCT, prove 2 hypothesis
- Individuals/ no relationship brought together in a group produce structure, roles and hierarchy
- 2 existing groups brought together under competition conditions will develop hostile attitudes
Method:
- 24 white, low class, protestant, not friends
- 3 stages:
1. place in two groups, bonding for days
2. Competition scenario (tug of war) for a prize, rgct was likely
3. Work towards a common goal, lower RGCT
Conclusion: Prove RGCT
Stereotype
Generalizations applied to groups of people used by individuals to make sense
Prejudice
Pre exsiting attitude towards an. individual or group of people
Discrmination
UNFAIR treatment towatds another group based upon groups membership
Racism
Form of discrimination, advantages to ingroup and disadvantages/harm to outgroup classified by race
Implicit Association Test (IAT)
Reseachers to reflect in their biases
Male Warrior Hypothesis
Men possess psychological traits that predispose to act aggressively to protect reproductive resources (women)
Prosocial Behaviour
ay behviour that benefits others motivated by a genuine desire to help
Altruism
A form of prosocial behaviour, when promoting someone else welfare even at the cost of ourselves
Altruism
A form of prosocial behaviour, when promoting someone else welfare even at the cost of ourselves
Reciprocal Altruism Hypothesis
Altruism is base in terms of evolution, we risk our lives as a survival mechanism to protect our genes
Kin Selection Theory
An evolutionary explanation for PS B, a selfish gene encoded to save gene.
Components: genetic similarity, inclusive fitness, proximity
Empathy Altruism
People act out of a genuine desire of helping, expecting no reward back
Components: Negative state relief - empathy
Bystanderism
Individual less likely to help in an emergency situations because there are more bystanders being expected to help
Factors affecting bystanderism
Diffusion of Responsability - Someone else will act
Ambiguity of Situation - unaware of emergency, fear to misread
Group Inhibition - look around to help interpret
Informative Social Influence - acting in conformance to group
Normative social Influence - acting to group norms
