Unit 7 (notes)

Question 1

A factorial design involves:
a. having two or more dependent variables.
b. manipulating two or more independent variables.
c. stringent validity and reliability measures.
d. both between-subjects and within-subjects criteria.

Answer 1

b

Question 2

If you are interested in finding out if there is an interaction between two variables, you must:
a. use an interactive design.
b. use an independent groups design.
c. use a factorial design.
d. use multiple regression correlation.

Answer 2

c

Question 3

Ted is interested in studying how noise (low, medium, high) and brightness (low, medium, high) affect test scores on psychology tests. How many main effects are possible?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

Answer 3

a

Question 4

Ted is interested in studying noise (low, medium, high) and brightness (low, medium, high) on test scores in psychology. How many interactions are possible?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

Answer 4

a

Question 5

Variable A has four levels, variable B has four levels, and variable C has two levels. How many different conditions exist in this factorial design?
a. 10
b. 16
c. 24
d. 32

Answer 5

d

Question 6

A developmental researcher is interested in the effects of physical activity on memory in young children and adults. He tests all participants for memory in both physical activity conditions: immediately after a run and after meditating for an hour. The researcher is using a:
a. between-subjects factorial design.
b. within-subjects factorial design.
c. mixed-factorial design.
d. correlational design.

Answer 6

c

Question 7

In
a factorial design the main effect is:
a. the effect of one independent variable at one level of another independent variable.
b. the effect of one independent variable averaged over the levels of one or more other
independent variables.
c. the effect of a dependent variable on another dependent variable.
d. the only effect worth investigating.

Answer 7

b

Question 8

in a factorial design an interaction effect occurs whenever:
a. the effect of one independent variable changes across levels of another independent variable.
b. one dependent variable is affected, but the other is not.
c. the dependent variable is successfully manipulated in a factorial design.
d. the effect of one independent variable is averaged over the levels of one or more other
independent variables.

Answer 8

a

Question 9

How many null hypotheses would be required if we had a 3 X 3 X 3 between- subjects factorial design?

Answer 9

7 hypotheses (one hypothesis for each main effect (3) and one hypothesis for each of the possible interactions (4))

Question 10

We reject the null hypothesis when:
a. our study contains more than one factor.
b. the probability of obtaining the result we did is unlikely due to chance.
c. the probability of obtaining the result we did is likely due to chance.
d. you are convinced, via an extensive literature search, that the variable in question is causing
changes in behaviour.

Answer 10

b

Question 11

The _______________ is a statement that says the independent variable will have no effect on the dependent variable.
a. alternative hypothesis
b. factorial design
c. null hypothesis
d. interaction effect

Answer 11

c

Question 12

In a 2 X 4 factorial design there are:
a. two independent variables and each has four levels.
b. four independent variables and each has two levels.
c. two independent variables and four dependent variables.
d. two independent variables, one with two levels and the other with 4 levels.

Answer 12

d

Question 13

in a 3 X 3 X 3 factorial design there are:
a. three independent variables and each has three levels.
b. three dependent variables and each is measured three times.
c. nine possible conditions in this factorial design.
d. three independent variables measuring three dependent variables.

Answer 13

a

Question 14

In a complex design you found that males and females performed equally well on a motor skills task after one alcoholic drink but males performed better after three alcoholic drinks. the different effect of gender at the different alcohol conditions represents a(n):
a. main effect of gender.
b. main effect of alcohol.
c. simple effect.
d. interaction effect.

Answer 14

d

Question 15

If a line graph is used to show the effects in a factorial design, an interaction will be present if:
a. the lines are parallel.
b. the lines are not parallel.
c. the lines have a steep slope.
d. the lines have a gentle slope.

Answer 15

b

Question 16

You want to use JASP to analyze you 2 X 3 between-subjects factorial design data. Which JASP procedure should you use?
a. correlation, bivariate option
b. ANOVA, Classical, ANOVA
c. frequencies, descriptives option
d. compare means, t-test option

Answer 16

b

Question 17

Which of the following is a critical test for helping draw a cause-and-effect inference when using a within-subjects factorial design?
a. Both main effects must be statistically significant.
b. The main effect for the within-subjects independent variable must be significant.
c. There must be a significant interaction.
d. All of the above criteria are necessary to draw a cause-and-effect inference in a within-
subjects factorial design.

Answer 17

c

Question 18

If there is no significant interaction in a complex design then:
a. the effects of the each independent variable cannot be interpreted.
b. the internal validity of the experiment has been compromised.
c. the effects of each independent variable can be generalized across the levels of the other
independent variables.
d. there is almost always a significant interaction.

Answer 18

c