Chapter 3 practice (notes) Flashcards
Which of the following is not a recommendation of The Nuremberg War Tribunal?
a. Participants should consent to participate in research and be fully informed about the research they
will be participating in.
b. Participants should be shielded against possible risks to the fullest extent.
c. Only scientifically qualified persons should conduct research.
d. Participants may not withdraw from a research design once they have consented to participating in it
d
When a participant in a study may be exposed to the possibility of serious injury, it is absolutely essential
that the researchers:
a. use deception to ensure adequate numbers of participants in the study.
b. use reinforcements like marks and money to attract subjects.
c. obtain informed consent from every participant in the study.
d. have the participants sign a contract stating they will not seek legal action if they get hurt in the study.
c
The risk/benefit ratio used in ethical decision making is a(n):
a. mathematical formula based in quantitative data.
b. mathematical formula based on probability.
c. objective evaluation of the risks and benefits of any research design.
d. subjective evaluation of the risks and benefits of any research design.
d
If a researcher uses deception in his or her study, then it is absolutely essential that the researcher:
a. provide counseling to the participants.
b. have the participants sign a disclaimer statement.
c. debrief the participants.
d. All of the above are essential.
c
A researchers uses deception. Which ethical principle is compromised?
a. risk/benefit ratio
b. privacy
c. minimal risk
d. informed consent
d
When may researchers expose animals to pain, stress, or discomfort?
a. when there are lots of animals available, and they are being cared for humanely
b. when the research is extremely important
c. when there are no alternative methods available and the research is scientifically valuable
d. Researchers may never expose animals to pain, stress, or discomfort
c
Plagiarism occurs when:
a. an individual paraphrases material and does not include a citation.
b. an individual presents material from a secondary source and does not cite the secondary
source.
c. an individual takes material verbatim from a source and does not use quotation marks and
fails to provide a reference.
d. All of the above constitute plagiarism.
d
Under what circumstances is it always unethical to deceive participants?
a. It is always unethical to deceive participants.
b. when information is withheld that might lead participants to act according to the instructions
provided by the experimenter
c. when information is withheld in order to get participants to take part in research in which
they normally would have declined to participate
d. when concealing the true nature of the research is likely to lead to participants behaving
normally
c
Each university has a review committee that ensures the welfare and humane treatment of
animals. Which of the following is not a responsibility of animal ethical review committees?
a. making sure that the personnel who will be working (testing and caring for them) with the
animals are properly trained
b. reviewing and determining if the experimental design is adequate and will likely return new
and important information
c. determining that proper procedures are in place to control discomfort and pain
d. assessing that the experimenter has enough funding or an adequate budget to carry out the
experiment to its completion
d
From your text, the consensus among psychologists regarding authorship of a scientific paper is
based mainly on:
a. the amount of time a person has spent on the project.
b. the amount of effort a person has spent on the experiment.
c. the person’s status determined by the degrees he or she holds.
d. the scholarly importance of the person’s contribution.
d
Which of the following is the least important concern with respect to the participant’s privacy?
a. the amount of information the psychologist is collecting on each participant
b. the sensitivity of the information the psychologist is collecting
c. how the participant’s information will be disseminated to others
d. the procedures that are in place to protect and maintain the information
a
All universities in Canada have ethical review procedures that prospective researchers must
abide by. When should you contact the proper authorities at the university to be sure you are
following the procedures properly?
a. before submitting the research for publication
b. before you begin to analyze the data
c. before you begin the research project
d. before testing the last participant in the research
c
You are writing a paper and paraphrase someone else’s sentence. To avoid being charged with
plagiarism you must:
a. put quotation marks around your sentence and include the authors name.
b. put quotation marks around your sentence and include the authors name, the date of the
publication, and the page number of the source.
c. clearly indicate the author’s name and include the date of publication.
d. clearly indicate the author’s name, date of publication, and page number of the source.
c
Paraphrasing involves:
a. changing a few words in someone else’s work.
b. combining sentences from more than one reference.
c. reworking the ideas of a reference in your mind and presenting the material in a new form.
d. directly quoting only certain parts of another reference’s work.
c
Psychology not only has responsibility to its participants but also to society. Which of the
following best describe this role?
a. Psychologists should report unethical behaviour to the proper authorities.
b. Psychologists should be aware of current issues, needs, and problems in society when they
report their research findings.
c. Psychologists should participate in the continued growth of the science of psychology by
engaging in original research, transmitting current knowledge, or using current knowledge to
help others.
d. All of the above describe psychology’s role in society.
d
