Unit 7 Motivation, Emotion, and Personality Flashcards
A need or desire to change behavior
Motivation
Unlearned patterns of behaviors that humans and animals engage, without thinking, evolutionary
Instinct
Promised reward that will motivate us
Incentive
Motivation from within (inside); Interested in learning
Intrinsic Motivation
Motivation from outside (external); college credit
Extrinsic Motivation
Lose intrinsic b/c of extrinsic (doing more for reward than interest)
Overjustification Effect
Belief in your own success
Self-Efficacy
Motivated to be successful
Achievement Motivation
Motivated to belong in the group
Affiliation Motivation
Fill the need to avoid discomfort
Drive Reduction Theory
Alertness, wakefulness
Arousal
Appropriate levels of arousal; not too easy and not too hard
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Our needs; being best version of yourself
Marlow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Motivated to eat to return homeostasis
Hunger Motivation
“Normal” body weight for an individual that stays constant; less impact on weight
Set Point Theory
Feel hungry; Lat makes you fat
Lateral Hypothalamus
Feel full
Ventromedial Hypothalamus
Calories in = calories used for energy
Too few = Lathargic
Too much = Antsy
Basal Metabolic Rate
% of a person’s body fat
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Normal human interest in sexual activities
Sexual Motivation
4 stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson; 1. Excitement, 2. Plateau, 3. Orgasm, 4. Resolution
Sexual Response Cycle
Motivation to belong
Social Motivation
Pushing us from isolation; not wanting to be isolated
Social Exclusion
Pioneering sex researcher, gained his data mostly through interviews
Alfred Kinsey
Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow
Internal body balance
Homeostasis
Something that must be filled
Need
Food, water, breathing, etc.
Primary Drive
Learned, extrinsic; support, kind words
Secondary Drive
- Body response > 2. Emotion
James Lange
Response + Emotion
Cannon Bard
- Response + cognitive label > 2. Emotion
Schachter Two Factor
Universal facial expressions = believed to be from nature (genes)
Paul Ekman
Cultural facial/expresses emotions
Carol Izard
Your facial expressions change your emotional state
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
Culturally expressed emotions; good in some countries, not in others
Display Rule
How we perceive/respond to something threatening
Stress
Something that causes stress
Stressor
Bad stress
Distress
Good stress
Eustress
General Adaptation Syndrome; Hans Seyle
Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion
Choosing between 2 good things
Approach-Approach
Choosing between 2 bad things
Avoidance-Avoidance
Choosing whether or not to do something that is both good and bad
Approach-Avoidance
Traumatic event (Immediate reaction); not PTSD
Acute Stress Disorder
Perfectionist, impatient, goes crazy when stressed
Type A
Easygoing, relaxed, lazy when dealing with stress
Type B
Individual’s unique pattern on thoughts, feelings, behaviors; fundamental traits
Personality
Collective Consciousness, Frued’s BFF
Carl Jung
Sick, no social rules, inferiority and compensation, birth order
Alfred Adler
Anxiety, Neurotic Trends, Womb envy
Karen Horney
Person centered, humanistic Psychology; we’re inherently motivated to achieve positive functioning
Carl Rogers
Observation, shaping behaviors
Albert Bandura
Used 18,000 words to describe personality
Oddbert and Allport
3 personality dimensions
Hans Eysenck
Mouth is center of pleasure
Too early: unconscious biting
Too late: over-dependence
Oral stage
Expulsion of waste is pleasure
Early: excessive order
Late: Wasteful, disorder
Anal Stage
Oediupus and Electra; insecure, show off, fear of rejection
Phallic stage
Sexual urges are dormant; same sex peers
Latency stage
Opposite sex source of pleasure; all behaviors giuded by sex
Genital stage
Unconsciously stuck in psychosocial stages
Fixation
A method of looking within/exploring the unconscious
Free Association
Unconscious way of dealing with difficult feelings/behaviors
Defense Mechanisms
Trying to forget embarrassing thoughts
Repression
Revert back to earlier stages
Regression
Acting opposite of how you feel
Reaction Formation
Justify your action to make it seem reasonable
Rationalization
Take frustration on something less threatning
Displacement
Make intense feelings socially acceptable
Sublimation
When you don’t believe it happened (convince)
Denial
Putting your unconscious feelings on someone else
Projection
Overcome inferiority by doing good things
Compensation
Shared thoughts and feelings below the surface that we all have in common
Collective Unconscious
Mental Prototypes
Archetypes
Males display feminine qualities
Anima
Females display masculine qualities
Animus
Feelings of insecurity in your life due to belief that you’re inferior to others; Alfred Adler
Inferiority Complex
Reaction to real/imagined stress
Anxiety
Illogical reactions to stress
Neurotic trends
Observation, modeling
Social Learning theory
Our environment shapes our behavior and cognitive factors
Reciprocal Determinism
Inborn potential/personal blueprints
Actualizing tendencies
Reflect your feelings
Empathy
Emphasis on independent self; personal values
Individualists
Self defined by connection of family/friends
Collectivists
Characteristic, typical patterns of behavior
Traits
Open-minded, open to new experiences
Openness
You follow through things you said/planned to follow through
Conscientiousness
Sociable
Extraversion
Psychoticism; helpful/hurtful
Agreeableness
Emotional stability
Neuroticism
Correct/direct answers; MMPI, MBTI (personality components)
Objective Personality tests
Interpret personality by putting thoughts, feelings on test; Thematic Apperception (tell a story), Inkblot (what you see)
Projective personality tests