Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutrition 3210 > Unit 7: Micronutrients > Flashcards

Unit 7: Micronutrients Flashcards

1
Q

What did James Lind discover?

A
  • importance of vitamin C

- connected scurvy to vit C deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are signs of scurvy/vit C deficiency?

A
  • fatigue
  • anemia
  • hemorrhaging
  • teeth loosening, softening of bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What did Casimir Funk discover?

A
  • providing amine improved health of thiamin-deprived chickens
  • ‘amine’ that was ‘vital’ for life = vitamin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T or F: vitamins are inorganic molecules that are C based

A

False

vitamins are organic molecules that are C based

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which vitamins are fat soluble?

A

A, D, E, K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which vitamins are water soluble?

A

All B vitamins, C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many B vitamins are there? What are they?

A

8 vitamins

  1. B1/thiamin
  2. B2/riboflavin
  3. B3/niacin
  4. pantothenic acid
  5. biotin
  6. folate
  7. B6
  8. B12
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How are water soluble vitamins absorbed?

A
  • directly through intestinal cells into CV
  • dissolves in blood
  • is susceptible to kidney filtration beyond the storage capacity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T or F: Toxicity of water soluble vitamins isn’t a big risk as it’s rare, but still possible

A

True

vitamin B6 is of most concern with toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are fat soluble vitamins absorbed?

A
  • with dietary lipids
  • packed into chylomicrons
  • efficiency decreased as ingested calories increase
  • from lacteal, lipoproteins broken up and chylomicron takes and stores vitamins into liver
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Briefly describe vitamin B1 (thiamin).

A
  • part of co-enzyme TPP, works with PDH to prep glucose for oxidative metabolism
  • found in whole grains (brown rice but not white rice), pork
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the RDA of vitamin B1 (thiamin) and what causes deficiency/what are symptoms?

A
  • 1.1-1.2 mg/day
  • deficiency caused by reduction in food intake
  • symptoms: chronic weakness, weight loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Briefly describe vitamin B2 (riboflavin).

A
  • co-enzyme: FMN, FAD
  • electron acceptor/transporter
  • found in milk and alternatives, whole grains, cereal products, white mushrooms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the RDA of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and what are symptoms of deficiency?

A
  • 1.1-1.3 mg/day

- inflammation of membranes: mouth, eyes, GI system, skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Briefly describe vitamin B3 (niacin).

A
  • precursor for NAD and NADP
  • synthesized by tryptophan
  • anti-oxidant, lipid and cholesterol synthesis
  • found in eggs, milk, meat, poultry, fish, whole grains
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the RDA and UL of vitamin B3 (niacin), what are symptoms of deficiency/toxicity?

A
  • RDA is 14-16 mg NE/day
  • UL is 35 mg/day
  • deficiency = 4 D’s: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death
  • toxicity = blood vessel dilation, painful tingling
17
Q

Briefly describe biotin (function, AI, deficiency symptoms, sources)

A
  • co-enzyme in Kreb’s
  • contributes to gluconeogenesis, FA metabolism
  • 30 mg/day
  • deficiency caused by continued ingestion of raw egg whites: skin rash, hair loss, neurological problems
  • found in egg yolks, soybeans, fish, whole grains
18
Q

Briefly describe pantothenic acid (function, AI, deficiency symptoms, sources)

A
  • makes acetyl CoA, synthesis of lipids, neurotransmitters, hormones, hemoglobin
  • 5 mg/day
  • deficiency results in fatigue, neurological symptoms
  • found in beef, poultry, whole grains, potatoes, tomatoes, broccoli
19
Q

What are the functions of vitamin B6?

A
  • functions as co-enzyme
  • used for protein metabolism: without B6 all AA are essential
  • blood cell synthesis
  • reduces risk of myocardial infarction
20
Q

What is the RDA and UL of vitamin B6?

A
  • for men and women: 1.3 mg/day
  • over 51 yrs 1.5-1.7 mg/day
  • UL is 100 mg/day
21
Q

What are sources of vitamin B6? What is known about deficiency and toxicity?

A
  • fortified cereals, meat, fish, poultry, bananas, watermelons, potatoes
  • deficiency is rare, but can lead to anemia and NS problems
  • toxicity (1-2k mg) leads to protein mods, can lead to permanent nerve damage
22
Q

What is folate made out of?

A
  • 3-11 glutamate molecules
  • PABA
  • pteridine
23
Q

What is the function of folate? What are sources and why is it important?

A
  • AA metabolism, DNA synthesis, cell division
  • deficiency linked to birth defects
  • found in dark leafy greens, fortified foods, cereal, bread, pasta, rice
24
Q

What are the recommendations that come with folate?

A
  • on an empty stomach 100% of supplement form absorbed
  • RDA 400mg/day
  • ->pregnancy 600, lactation 500
  • supplements during child bearing age
  • UL: 1000 mg/day
25
Q

What’s the function of vitamin B12?

A
  • role in folate metabolism (B12 deficiency leads to folate deficiency)
  • helps maintain myelin sheath
26
Q

What sources contain vitamin B12? What is known about deficiency/toxicity?

A
  • not normally in plant based food, found in fortified foods
  • animal products incl. dairy most abundant
  • some seafood and beed high sources
  • no UL
  • can require monthly injections if deficient
27
Q

_____ acid is the reduced form of vitamin C, and _______ acid is the oxidized form.

A
  1. ascorbic acid

2. dehydroascorbic acid

28
Q

What does vitamin C function to do?

A
  • anti-oxidant
  • collagen synthesis
  • enhances non-heme absorption
  • synthesis of carnitine
  • supports immune function
29
Q

What are the RDA/UL for vitamin C? What are some sources?

A
  • 75-120mg/day for women, 90 mg/day for men
  • UL: 2000 mg
  • found in citrus fruits, RED BELL PEPPERS, broccoli, cauliflower, spinach
  • toxicity leads to kidney stone devo with existing kidney disease
30
Q

Alpha-tocopherol is the active form of vitamin __

A

E

Nutrition 3210 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions