Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutrition 3210 > Unit 6: Proteins > Flashcards

Unit 6: Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

What food sources provide protein?

A

Animals: meat, fish, milk
Plants: dried beans, peas, nuts, seeds, some veggies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What makes an amino acid?

A
  • amine group
  • acid group (carboxyl)
  • hydrogen
  • side chain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

____ amino acids are AAs that the body CAN’T synthesize, __/20 are considered _____

A
  1. essential
  2. 9
  3. essential
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_____ amino acids are AAs that the body can synthesize, there are __/20.

A
  1. non-essential

2. 11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which AAs are non-essential (5/11)?

A

A, N, D, E, S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which AAs are conditionally essential (6/11)?

A

R, C, Q, G. P, Y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which AAs are essential (9/20)?

A

M, I, L, F, H, K, W, T, V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cysteine can be made from _____, and _____ can be made from phenylalanine

A
  1. methionine

2. Tyrosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T or F: most natural polypeptides can have 50-200 amino acids

A

True

usually at this point it is considered a protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some factors that can contribute to protein denaturation?

A
  • heat
  • pH
  • alcohol
  • oxidation
  • mechanical agitation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are 8 functions of protein?

A
  • mechanical and structural support
  • enzymes
  • hormones
  • immune function
  • fluid balance
  • acid-base balance,
  • transport
  • energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Proteins are required in the function of biomolecular motors, like _____ in muscles and _____/_____ in neurons

A
  1. myosin
  2. kinesin
  3. dyenin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a sign of protein malnutrition?

A

-edema, fluid accumulation in tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a normal blood pH, how does protein balance blood pH?

A
  • pH=7.4

- blood proteins bind acidic/alkaline atoms/molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

____________ is the removal of a nitrogen group from an amino group.

A

Oxidative deamination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are proteins digested? What structures/elements aid in protein digestion?

A
  • stomach, small intestine
  • HCl denatures protein
  • Pepsinogen+HCl = pepsin to digest protein (pH 2.5)
  • proteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, peptidases
17
Q

Proteins are absorbed into the duodenum and jejunum through ______ and _____

A
  1. facilitated diffusion

2. active transport

18
Q

What’s a potential problem with the active transport of proteins into the CV system?

A
  • Na+ re-entry brings in AA
  • too much AA can saturate transporters
  • potential to restrict essential AA absorption
19
Q

Where are amino acids/proteins stored compared to CHO or lipids?

A

Proteins: everwhere!
CHO: liver, skeletal muscle
Lipids: adipocytes

20
Q

Provide a very brief description on protein synthesis

A
  • DNa, mRNA, tRNA = new protein
  • AA taken up by ribosomes, transcription and translation occur
  • process turned on my hormones
21
Q

What’s the RDA of protein for adults (18+)

A
  1. 8g/kg of body mass

- this is period of time when RDA is lowest throughout life: is higher in infants and elderly

22
Q

When would more protein be needed?

A
  • infection, illness
  • surgery, burns
  • pregnancy, lactation
23
Q

Why do athletes need 1.2-1.8g/kg of body mass of protein?

A
  • muscle damaging exercise increases protein turnover

- exercise activates protein synthesis

24
Q

What can unnecessary protein supplementation/intake cause?

A
  • protein enters urea cycle
  • leads to dehydration
  • protein can be converted to fat
25
Q

What makes a food a high-quality protein food?

A
  • provides all 9 essential AA
  • provides enough AA to synthesize non-essential AA
  • easy to digest and absorb
  • e.g. soybeans
26
Q

What is a low-quality protein food?

A
  • incomplete/inadequate AAs provided

- e.g. plant based foods, but they can be combined to make up RDA

27
Q

What are examples of complimentary protein-based food items?

A

-beans and rice
-rice and lentils
-pasta and beans
-bread and peanut butter
-hummus
-rice and tofu
GRAINS AND LEGUMES OR LEGUMES AND NUTS?SEEDS

28
Q

How long is the lactation period of the Holstein cow?

A
  • 300 days
  • produces 9000kg fresh milk, calf only needs 1000kg
  • declines after peak lactation
29
Q

What is the composition of milk?

A
  • 87.3% water
  • 3.9% milk fat: oleic acid, saturated FA
  • 8.8% non-fat solids: casein protein, lactose, minerals, vitamins, etc
30
Q

What two proteins make up whey?

A
  • beta-lactoglobulin

- alpha-lactalbumin

31
Q

What’s the difference between whey protein concentrate and isolate?

A

Concentrate: water, lactose and minerals removed, 25-89% protein
Isolate: fat and lactose removed, 90% protein, most pure protein source

32
Q

What are caseins?

A
  • insoluble form of milk protein

- stable against denaturation

Nutrition 3210 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions