Unit 7 - Genetics, populations, evolution and ecosystems

Question 1

species

Answer 1

Group of similar organisms that breed and produce fertile offspring

Question 2

population

Answer 2

All the organisms of the same species in a habitat

Question 3

community

Answer 3

Populations of different species in a habitat

Question 4

ecosystem

Answer 4

All organisms in a community interacting with biotic and abiotic factors

Question 5

habitat

Answer 5

place where an organism lives in an ecosystem

Question 6

niche

Answer 6

How the organism fits into the environment – where it lives/what it does

Question 7

abiotic

Answer 7

Non-living factors that affect organisms so affect communities

Question 8

biotic

Answer 8

Living factors that affect organisms so affect communities

Question 9

Interspecific competition

Answer 9

Different species competing for the same resources

Question 10

Intraspecific competition

Answer 10

same species competing for the same resources.

Question 11

Carrying capacity

Answer 11

An ecosystem supports a certain size of a population

Question 12

competitive exclusion principle

Answer 12

Organisms cannot share the same ecological niche

Question 13

gene

Answer 13

sequence of DNA bases that code for a polypeptide

Question 14

genome

Answer 14

all of the genes in an organism/ cell

Question 15

proteome

Answer 15

all the proteins that can be expressed by a cell/ organism

Question 16

allele

Answer 16

different versions of the same gene

Question 17

locus

Answer 17

specific position on the chromosome where the allele of the gene is found

Question 18

homozygous alleles

Answer 18

two copies of the same allele

Question 19

heterozygous alleles

Answer 19

two different alleles for a gene

Question 20

genotype

Answer 20

genetic constitution of an organism

Question 21

phenotype

Answer 21

the expression of the genetic constitution and its interaction with the environment

Question 22

codominant alleles

Answer 22

both alleles are expressed in the phenotype, neither allele is recessive

Question 23

What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

Answer 23

the frequency of alleles in a population remain constant over time

Question 24

What are the 5 conditions that need to be met for the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

Answer 24

• no mutations
• no migration
• no selection
• mating is random
• large population

Question 25

What are the two equations for the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

Answer 25

p+q=1
p2+2pq+q2=1

Question 26

What does p represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

Answer 26

frequency of dominant allele

Question 27

What does q represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

Answer 27

frequency of recessive allele

Question 28

What does p2 represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

Answer 28

frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype

Question 29

What does 2pq represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

Answer 29

frequency of the heterozygous genotype

Question 30

What does q2 represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

Answer 30

frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype