Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP Chemistry > Unit 7 - Chemical Equilibrium > Flashcards

Unit 7 - Chemical Equilibrium Flashcards

1
Q

What are example of reversible changes?

A

Phase changes
Dissolution/Precipitation
Gas absorption/Desorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

forward reaction

A

Going from left to the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

reverse reaction

A

going from right to left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What occurs at equilibrium?

A

Rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction
no net observable changes
Constant concentrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Does concentration have to be equal?

A

Does not have to be equal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does Equilibrium is DYNAMIC mean?

A

Continues to occur at same rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In order for a net conversion to reactants to happen,…

A

The rate of the forward reaction has to be smaller than the rate of the reverse reaction.
Reverse reaction is favored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In order for a net conversion to products to happen…

A

The rate of the forward reaction has to be bigger than the rate of the reverse reaction
forward reaction is favored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When neither direction is favored…

A

EQUILIBRIUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the reaction quotient?

A

Represent the relative quantities of products to reactants at any given point in time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the reaction quotient for aA +bB cC dD

A

[C]^c [D]^d / [A]^a [B]^b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens to the reaction quotient expression when used in gas phase reactions?

A

Instead of concentration, written in pressures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What phases are included in a reaction quotient?

A

Only gases and aqueous solutions

Solids and liquids are not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Can Qp and Qc be interchangeable?

A

NO

Qp does not and can not equal Qc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the equilibrium constant?

A

Same properties as the rxn quotient

Used instead during equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the value of Q indicate?

A

Whether the rxn will need to proceed towards the left or right in order to achieve equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the value of K indicate?

A

Whether there are more products or reactants at equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In order to calculate K is temperature needed?

A

Temp is NOT needed to calculate K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The numerator of Keq represents what

A

Products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The denominator of Keq represents what

A

Reactants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In a rxn favoring products, the Keq is

A

Larger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In a rxn favoring reactants, the Keq is

A

smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the magnitude of K tell us?

A

How the concentrations of reactants and products compare at equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

K > 1 implies

A

[products] > [reactants]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
K approx 1 implies
[products] is about the same as [reactants]
26
K < 1 implies
[products] < [reactants]
27
Can K be less than zero
NOPE
28
A SUPER BIG K value indicates
100% in forward and near 0 in reverse | Equivalent to complete forward
29
A SUPER SMALL K value indicates
0% in forward and 100% in reverse | Equivalent to complete reverse
30
What K values does a rxn need to have at equilibrium to proceeds significantly in both directions?
B/t 0.1 and 10
31
What is the coefficient rule?
When coefficients are changed by a factor of n, Keq is raised to the power of n
32
What is the reciprocal rule?
When a rxn is reversed the new Keq value is the inverse of the old Keq value
33
What is the multiple equilibria rule?
When two or more rxns are combined the new Keq is the product of the Keq values from individual rxns
34
If Q is larger than K
Numerator must decrease implies products must decrease | reverse rxn favored
35
If Q is smaller than K
Numerator must increase implies products must increase | forward rxn favored
36
What are the two sets of conditions as a rxn proceeds?
Initial conditions | Equilibrium conditions
37
what are the two methods of determining eq conditions given initial conditions and k
Neglect X | Perfect squares
38
What is the Neglect X method?
Only applicable when K is smaller than 0.0001 Remove x in the denominator Negligible change and minimal effect
39
Once x has been determined, how can you use x to find the eq concentration.
Substitute value back into ICE table
40
ICE table
Initial Change Equilibrium
41
What is the perfect squares method?
Only applicable when both num and den are perfect squares | Simply Sqrt both sides and simplify
42
What does the LaChatelier principle state?
Changing rxn conditions of a system at eq can knock system out of eq causing stress System will shift to reduce stress and achieve equilibrium again
43
What can be changed to stress a system?
Molarity Pressure Volume Temperature
44
What happens with addition of reactants? decrease of products?
System will shift to consume reactants and produce products
45
What happens with addition of products? decrease of reactants?
System will shift to consume products and produce reactants
46
What happens when you dilute a solution?
Dilution causes all M to decrease/ rxn shift to side with greatest aq
47
Concentration a solution?
Concentration causes all M to increase/rxn shift to side with least aq
48
What happens in response to addition of a catalyst or solid?
No stress occur
49
What happens in response to increased pressure or decreased volume?
Rxn shift to side with least moles of gas
50
What happens in response to decreased pressure or increased volume?
Rxn shift to side with most moles of gas
51
Higher temp favor what kind of rxn
Endothermic
52
Lower temp favor what kind of rxn
Exothermic
53
what happens to the K value in endo rxn
K new > K old
54
What happens to K value in exo rxn
K old > K new
55
If Q = to K then
equilibrium
56
Keq only changes if
Temperature changes
57
What is solutibility?
Denoted as S | Amount of a salt that will dissolve to form a saturated solution at a given temp
58
Salts classified as insoluble are actually...
Slightly soluble
59
Ksp
is the K for solutibility product
60
Solubility constant in an 1:1 ion ratio is...
Ksp = S^2
61
Solubility constant in an 1:2 ion ratio is...
Ksp =4S^3
62
Solubility constant in an 1:3 ion ratio is...
Ksp =27S^4
63
Solubility constant in an 2:3 ion ratio is...
Ksp =108S^5
64
In order to calculate S
Set S equal to Ksp and simplify
65
Presence of some solid in a rxn...
provides evidence that a solution is saturated
66
Solubility is expressed in...
g/L or mol/L
67
Soluble salts has a Ksp of....
>1
68
In order to compare the solubility of insoluble salts
Compare the S value
69
Ksp can only be compared when...
Both salts have the same ion ratio
70
The Qsp can be calculated with..
any or initial ion concentration
71
The Ksp can be calculated with...
eq ion concentration
72
If Ksp > Qsp, then a precipitate...
Will not form | Not enough ions and unsaturated solution
73
If Ksp < Qsp, then a precipitate...
Will form | Saturated solution
74
What is the common ion effect?
a common ion causes decreased solubility
75
How to calculate S when a common ion is present
Use ICE Table S is negligible in eq concentration + S Set Ksp equivalent to S
76
What is a neutralization rxn?
Acid +Base --> Water and Salt`
77
Solubility of a class of slightly soluble compounds that contain hydroxide or conjugate base of a weak acid
Is highly sensitive to addition of acids or bases

AP Chemistry (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions