Unit 7- Animals Flashcards
Define Hermaphrodite
Contains both male and female reproductive structures. An organism having both male and female sex organs or other sexual characteristics, either abnormally or in natural condition. Ex) Platyhelminthes- Tapeworm
Define Regeneration
The process of replacing or restoring damaged or missing cells, tissues, organs, and even entire body parts to full function. Asexual reproduction can occur through regeneration. An arm can produce a new organism if a piece of the central disk is still in tact or present. Ex) Echinoderms, Starfish
Define Segmentation
Allows for specialization of body regions (development of body systems) and more efficient movement. It is serial repetition of similar organs, tissues, cell types or body cavities along the anterior- posterior (A-P) axis of bilaterally symmetrical animals. Segmentation allows for specialization of body regions (development of body systems) and more efficient movement. Ex) Annelida: Earthworm, Leach
Define Radial Symmetry
An organism can be divided equally about a central point, much like a pie cut into equal parts. They can be cut into similar halves by passing a plane at any angle along a central axis. Ex) Echinoderms: Adult Starfish, Sea Urchins, Sand Dollars (Larvae are radially symmetrical)
What are the Phylum’s? Give examples of organisms classified into each
- Porifera: Sponges
- Cnidaria or Colentrates: Jelly fish, Sea Anemone, Coral
- Platyhelminthes: Planaria, Tapeworm
- Nematoda: Ascaris, Hookworm
- Annelida: Earthworm, Leach
- Mollusca: Snails, Clams, Octopuses
- Arthropoda: Lobster, spider, dragonfly
- Echinoderms: Starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars
- Chordata: humans, sharks, cats, dogs
What are the classes within the phylum chordata? Give an example of each
- Agnatha: Lamprey, hagfish
- Chondrichthyes: Sharks, rays, skates
- Osteichthyes: Trout, northern pike
- Amphibia: Salamander, frog
- Reptilia: Snake, turtle, crocodile
- Aves: Chicken, Robin, Goose
- Mammalia: Dog, elephant, human
What are the three groups of mammals? Give an example of each.
- Monotremes: Platypus
- Marsupials: Kangaroo, koala
- Placentals: Bat, dog, human
Define Endoskeleton
An internal skeleton composed of hard, mineralized tissue that can also enable movement by attachment to muscles. Ex) Echinoderms
What are two reasons cephalopods (octopus and squid) are the most advanced molluscs?
- They have a well developed brain and excellent vision
- They are agile swimming carnivores and have their foot divided into arms with suckers to capture prey
- They use jet propulsion to move
Define the following: Sessile, Metamorphosis
- Sessile: Unable to move from a fixed point. Permanently attached or fixed and not free-moving.
- Metamorphosis: The larvae look nothing like the adult (they go through a big change) The process of transformation from an immature form to an adult form in two or more distinct stages.
Define the following: Nematocyst, Coelom
- Nematocyst: Capsule containing a thin, coiled tubule with a poisonous barb at one end.
- Coelom: Fluid-filled space that is completely covered by muscle. It is a fluid-filled body cavity of an animal that contains the internal organs (heart, lungs, and kidneys)
Explain the Porifera phylum
- Ex) Sponges
- No locomotion
- Has radial or no symmetry
- Has no body systems
- Most live attached to objects on the ocean floor
- Have many pores (holes) through which water flows
- no organs or tissues
- complex bundle of cells
- filter feeders using collar cells
- ## can reproduce sexully or asexually
Explain the Cnidaria or Colentrates phylum
- Ex) Jelly Fish, Sea Anemone, Coral
- Free floating or are sessile
- Has radial symmetry
- Has tentacles around one body opening
- Has stinging cells
-Has a digestive and primitive nervous system - sexual or asexual reproduction
Explain the Platyhelminthes phylum
- Ex) Tapeworm, Planaria
- Flatworms
- Use muscles or cilia to move about
- Has bilateral symmetry with long, flat, ribbonlike bodies
- Has one body opening
- Are parasitic or free living
- has digestive, nervous and primitive excretory system
Explain the Nematoda phylum
- Ex) Hookworm, Ascaris, Fliaria worm
- roundworms
- Use muscles to move about
- Has bilateral symmetry with long, thin, tubelike bodies
- Has two body openings
- Tends to be mainly parasitic
- Has a digestive, nervous , and primitive excretory system