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AP Government > Unit 7 & 8 > Flashcards

Unit 7 & 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Political Party

A

Orginized political group with shared goals that join toegther to run for office and exersise political power.

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2
Q

Political Machine

A

Orginization who forces voter loyalty with tangible incentives and controls member activity.

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3
Q

Candidate-centered politics

A

Politics that focus on candidates, rather than issues and party affilication.

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4
Q

Party realignment

A

Dramatic shift in partisan preference with parties.
Ex.) 1928=USA mostly rep
1932=USA mostly dem.
Ex.) Great depression people favored Dem. because of govt programs.

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5
Q

Critical election

A

An election that signals party realignment.
Ex.) FDR in Great Depression

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6
Q

Secular realignment

A

Gradual rearrangement of party coalitions, based on demographic shifts/partisan shifts.
Ex.) Older gen -> younger gen

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7
Q

Origin of political parties in US

A

Started with Federalists (favored strong central govt), than the Democratic Republicans (favored state govt).

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8
Q

What were Washingtons ideas of political parties?

A

He believed it would tear apart society and be bad for the govt.

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9
Q

What did Jefferson believe in for political parties?

A

He believed that his part the Democratic Republicans were temporary in order to beat the Federalists and disliked the idea of political parties.

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10
Q

What are the changes in the republican party over time?

A

Federalists -> Whigs -> Republicans (wanted abolishment -> strong economy.. etc.)

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11
Q

What are the changes in the democratic party over time?

A

Democratic Republicans -> Democratic

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12
Q

What are the national levels of the party structure?

A

1 National Chair

#2 National Committe
#3 National Convention

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13
Q

What are the state levels of the party structure?

A

4 State Committe/Conventions

#5 District Committes

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14
Q

What are the local levels of the party structure.

A

6 County Committe

#7 Precint and ward Committe
#8 Activists/Volunteers
#9 Voters

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15
Q

3 things that make political parties

A
  1. People who affiliate with party
  2. Elected officals who affiliate with party
  3. Party orginization
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16
Q

What is a national commitee?

A

Direct party for each 4 years and ratifies candiates, carries media campagins, raises money, and gets data.

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17
Q

What are Delegates?

A

Selected individuals who swear and vote for the canidates in a primary.

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18
Q

Republican platform ideas

A

No extra money on social programs, equality of oppertunity, people work hard for themselves, support school choice, no religion in gov’t, and issues like LGBTQ+ should be state issues (not fed.).

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19
Q

Democratic Platform

A

Support social programs, solve inequality, level playing field, support free education, do not want religious activity restricted, LGBTQ+ should be a fed issue.

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20
Q

What is a linkage institution?

A

An institution that links the people to gov’t to initiate active on the behalf of the people.

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21
Q

What is polarization?

A

A divisio of views in gov’t.

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22
Q

Causes of polarization

A

Media, Beliefs, part sterotypes, wedge issues, red and blue states.

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23
Q

Consequences of polarization.

A

Congress is not productive with hig division (cant comprimise), lack of participation.

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24
Q

What is a primary?

A

Election of chosing which canidates will represent a party in the general election.

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25
Q

Closed primary

A

Only can vote in primary if registered with party

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26
Q

Semi-closed primary

A

same as closed, but independents can vote

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27
Q

Open primary

A

registered voters can vote any party for primary despite registration

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28
Q

Cross-over voting

A

when a voter casts a vote not for a party which they do not affiliate with

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29
Q

What is a super delegate?

A

a delegate who is not limited on who to vote for in a primary (only in democratic party)

30
Q

winner-takes all primary

A

states who have decided that all delegates must vote for primary winner

31
Q

how do super-delegates impact the nomination process?

A

Have to convince and can change outcome.

32
Q

run-off primary

A

top two canidates from primary are voted on again.

33
Q

PACs and their allows and restrictions

A

Allows: group of people who can raise up to $5000 to spend for directly to a candidate.
Restrictions: monitered by FEC and have to file discloser

34
Q

Porportinal rep. primary

A

amount of delegates candiate get in a runoff primary

35
Q

What is a sophmore surge?

A

When a congress election happens and the incumbant expirences and big surge in votes their second term.

36
Q

Franking Privilege

A

right to send campainging mail free of charge.

37
Q

Front-loading

A

chosing a primary/cacaus date early in the year of the campaging and election.

38
Q

Campaign manager

A

a manger with the candiate who coordinates and travels to plan with the canidate.

39
Q

What is the purpose for the GOTV?

A

Get out to vote is created and carried out by candidate vollenteers who make efforts to get citizens out to vote (get more votes).

40
Q

Elector

A

a person in the Electoral College who participates in the electoral college (senate and HOR)

41
Q

How did the 12th amendmnet alter the EC?

A

put vp and p together for election.

42
Q

Presidents who won election by electoral vote not pop.

A

Adams, Hayes, Harrison, Bush, Trump.

43
Q

What happens if no canidate gets 270 votes in electoral?

A

Pres. is decided by pluralty of states
VP is decided by senate.

44
Q

What are swing states?

A

States thta can identify with either party.

45
Q

What is a battleground state?

A

Votes in a state where it will be very close.

46
Q

Individual campagin fin. allows and restrictions

A

Allows: can give up to $3300 directly to candidate
Restrictions: Monitered by FEC and has to file discloser

47
Q

527 political commitee campagin fin. allows and restrictions

A

Allows: issue group that can give unlimited money to advocacy
Restrictions: Cant directly say “vote for” and cordinate with campagins/candidate and files discloser under IRS

48
Q

Super PACs campagin fin. allows and restrictions

A

Allows: can give unlimited amount of money to candidate
Restrictions: cant directly cordinate with candidate, have to file disclosers under FEC

Ex.) corps group lots of other corps money into big pool so they dont show advocacy just a super PAC

49
Q

501 (c) (4) campagin fin. allows and restrictions

A

Allows: money is funneled through super PAC to pormote “social welfare education” and can fin. unlimited money with NO DISCLOSER
Restrictions: Monitered by IRS and cant cordinate with candiate or campagin.

50
Q

Public Funds

A

Funds to presidental canidates from taxes

51
Q

Matching Funds

A

Donation in presidental campagins that every dollar less than $251 raised by one person is matched by federal treasery.

52
Q

What is soft money?

A

unlimited money to party, avoiding limit to candidate.

53
Q

What is the Tillman Act?

A

First cf act that was created to eliminate $$ to corrupt politics. It made it restricted for corps to donate to candidates or campaigns.

54
Q

What is the Hatch Act?

A

did not allow civil servants in the exectutive branch

55
Q

Conventional political partcipation

A

Routine behavior that uses established orgs to vote and participate in govt

56
Q

Unconventional political partcipation

A

uncommon behavior that challanges established orgs (strikes, petition etc.)

57
Q

Ticket splitting

A

a person from one party votes for the other party

58
Q

Retrospective judgement

A

voters evaluation of party in power

59
Q

prospective judgement

A

Evaluation of candiate and what they say they will do

60
Q

Who founded the democratic party?

A

Andrew Jackson

61
Q

two parts of the pluralist govt

A

1.) winner-takes all
2.) single member districts

62
Q

what is an initative?

A

submitting issues in a ballot

63
Q

what is a referendum?

A

issue on ballot that is changed or kept.

64
Q

What is a taft hartley act?

A

unions cannot donate to candidate or campaign

65
Q

What is FECA

A

Federal election campagin act
- sets limits on donations
- sets limits onn campagin spending
- requires discloser of donors
- created FEC

66
Q

Outcomes of FECA

A
  • created transparency
  • created lots of PACs
67
Q

What is BCRA

A

Bipartisan Campagin Reform Act
- adjusts individual limits to $2,800
- Elimnated soft money
- illigal for corps and unions to spend money on electoneering or advocacy

68
Q

3 rules for redistricting

A
  • same pop
  • contiguous
  • must be compact
69
Q

if an incumbant won in the last election less than 55%…

A

they are vanarable and district is marginal

70
Q

What is the Policy process?

A

1.) agenda building
aware of issue
2.) Policy Formation
Dem + Rep discussue their view
3.) Policy adoption
pick party view
4.) Implimentation
3.) Evaluation
Does it work?

71
Q

What is Fiscal Policy?

A

Taxing and Spending
Article 1 sec 8 + Article 1 sec 7-9

AP Government (2 decks)

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