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AP Government > Midterm Vocab > Flashcards

Midterm Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Monarchy

A

A form a gov’t where power is invested in kings a queens who govern intrest of all

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2
Q

Totalitarianism

A

A form of gov’t where power resides in a leader who rules by self-intrest without regard for personal rights and liberties

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3
Q

Oligarchy

A

A form of gov’t that gives teh right to participate by weath, status, military posistion or achievement

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4
Q

Democracy

A

A system of gov’t that gives power to the people

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5
Q

Direct Democracy

A

A system of democracy which members of the polity and vote with majority rules

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6
Q

Indirect Democracy

A

A system of democracy which members vote on representitives who work on their behalf

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7
Q

Republic

A

A gov’t rooted in the consent on representives or indirect democracy

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8
Q

Political Culture

A

Commonly shared attitudes or beliefs/values about how government should be run

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9
Q

Personal Liberty

A

Freedom from the government interference -> Has changed from freedom FROM to Freedom TO

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10
Q

Political Equality

A

A principle that all citizens are the same in the eyes of the law

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11
Q

Popular Consent

A

A principle that the gov’t draws their powers from the consent of the people

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12
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

A notion that the ultimate authority in society rests with the people

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13
Q

Political Ideology

A

Ideas of how government should be run believed by certian groups of people

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14
Q

5 Functions of US Government

A
  1. Establishing Justice
  2. Ensuring Domestic Tranquility
  3. Providing for the Common Defense
  4. Promoting the General Welfare
  5. Securing the Blessings of Liberty
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15
Q

Legitimacy

A

The belief that ruler or instituion of gov’t has right to govern

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16
Q

Virgina Plan

A

Proposed to create a strong central gov’t with 3 branches

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17
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

Proposed to strengthen the AOC, make house only 1 vote to make smaller states equal, give congress right to raise revenue, and create SC members appointed by life

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18
Q

The Great Compromise

A

Created a two house legislature with lower house elected by the people and powers divided by two houses. Gave HOR rep. by population and Senate equal rep. (also called Conneticat Comprimse)

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19
Q

3/5 Compromise

A

Each slave would count as 3/5 of a person for determining the population in the HOR

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20
Q

Seperation of Powers

A

Division of power in gov’t among the 3 branches with equality ensured by the constitution

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21
Q

Checks and Balances

A

Constitutionally gives each of the 3 branches some control over the actions of the branches

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22
Q

Federal System

A

Shared powers between states and federal governments

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23
Q

Commerce Clause (A and S)

A

Article 1 Section 8, National gov’t has the right to intervene with states dispites it it involves innerstate commerce

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24
Q

Faction

A

A group with simular intrests

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25
Q

Leg. checks on Exec.

A

-Impeachemnt
-Regect legislation by President
-Refuse Treaties
-Overrise presidental veto

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26
Q

Exec. checks on Leg.

A

-Veto
-Call congres
-Impliment laws

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27
Q

Jud. checks on Exec.

A

-Delcare acts unconstitutional
-Preside over impeachment trials

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28
Q

Exec. checks on Jud.

A

-Appoint Judges
-Refuse to impliment decisons

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29
Q

Jud. checks on Leg.

A

-Rule federal and states laws unconstituional

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30
Q

Leg. checks on Jud.

A

-change # of juristiction
-Impeach judges
-Propse constitutional amendments to overide jud. decisions

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31
Q

Valence Issues

A

Issues viewed the same way by both parties

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32
Q

Amendment Proccess

A

1st Step.) 2/3 vote by both houses or national convention of state legislatures 2/3 vote

2nd Step.) 3/4 vote of state legislatures or constitutional convention 3/4 vote

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33
Q

Political Machine

A

Orginization who forces voter loyalty with tangible incentives and controls member activity.

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34
Q

Party Realignment

A

Dramatic shift in partisan preference with parties
Ex.) Great Dpression, favoring government programs

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35
Q

Critical Election

A

Election that shows party realignment
Ex.) FDR in Great Depression

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36
Q

Secular Realignment

A

Gradual rearrangement of party coalitions, based on demographic shifts/partisan shifts.

37
Q

National Levels Party Structure

A

1 National Chair

#2 National Committe
#3 National Convention

38
Q

State Levels Party Structure

A

4 State Committe/Conventions

#5 District Committes

39
Q

Local Levels Party Structure

A

6 County Committe

#7 Precint and ward Committe
#8 Activists/Volunteers
#9 Voters

40
Q

Delegate

A

Selected individuals who swear and vote for certian candiadates in a primary

41
Q

Super Delegates

A

A delegate who is not limited on who to vote for in a primary (only in democratic party)

42
Q

Bonus Delegates

A

Delegates granted loyal states

43
Q

Linkage Institution

A

An institution that connects the people to government
Ex.) Politcal parties platforms

44
Q

Primary Election

A

Election of chosing which canidates will represent a party in the general election

45
Q

Closed Primary

A

Election of chosing which canidates will represent a party in the general election.

46
Q

Open Primary

A

registered voters can vote any party for primary despite registration

47
Q

Run-off primary

A

Top two canidates from primary are voted on again

48
Q

Porportinal rep. primary

A

Amount of delegates candiate get in a runoff primary

49
Q

Front-Loading

A

Chosing a primary/cacaus date early in the year of the campaging and election.

50
Q

Political Efficiancy

A

Feeling as one vote matters

51
Q

Double Jepordy

A

Being put on trial twice for the same crime

52
Q

Spoiler Effect

A

Whena minor party costs a major party candidate an election

53
Q

Gridlock

A

Lack of action in gov’t due to unwillingness to comprimise

54
Q

Gender Gap

A

Difference in gender voting expectations

55
Q

Individual campagin fin. allows and restrictions

A

Allows: can give up to $3300 directly to candidate
Restrictions: Monitered by FEC and has to file discloser

56
Q

527 political commitee campagin fin. allows and restrictions

A

Allows: issue group that can give unlimited money to advocacy
Restrictions: Cant directly say “vote for” and cordinate with campagins/candidate and files discloser under IRS

57
Q

Super PACs campagin fin. allows and restrictions

A

Allows: can give unlimited amount of money to candidate
Restrictions: cant directly cordinate with candidate, have to file disclosers under FEC

Ex.) corps group lots of other corps money into big pool so they dont show advocacy just a super PAC

58
Q

501 (c) (4) campagin fin. allows and restrictions

A

Allows: money is funneled through super PAC to pormote “social welfare education” and can fin. unlimited money with NO DISCLOSER
Restrictions: Monitered by IRS and cant cordinate with candiate or campagin.

59
Q

Public Funds

A

Funds to preidental candidate from taxes to their campaign

60
Q

Matching Funds

A

Donation in presidental campagins that every dollar less than $251 raised by one person is matched by federal treasery.

61
Q

The Tillman Act

A

First cf act that was created to eliminate $$ to corrupt politics. It made it restricted for corps to donate to candidates or campaigns

62
Q

Hatch Act

A

Did not allow civil servants from activist roles in partisan campaigns

63
Q

FECA

A

-Set limits on donations
-Sets limits on spending
-Requires discloser
-Created FEC

64
Q

BCRA

A

-adjusts individual limits for donations
-keeps PAC limit
-Eliminated SOFT MONEY
-illigal for corps to spend money of electonreering communications or advocacy

65
Q

Retrospective judgement

A

Voters evaluation of party in power

66
Q

Prospective judgement

A

Evaluation of candiate and what they say they will do

67
Q

Initative

A

Submitting issues in a ballot

68
Q

Referendum

A

issue on ballot that is changed or kept

69
Q

Elector

A

A person in the Electoral College who participates in the electoral college (senate and HOR)

70
Q

Political Socialization

A

How you got to who you are politically.

71
Q

Conventional Political Participation

A

Exersizing traditional involvment in gov’t such as voting.

72
Q

Unconventional Political Participation

A

Exersizing nontraditional involvment in gov’t such as protesting

73
Q

Article 1

A

Article 1 sets up the legislative branch and it splits the poer into HOR and senate that makes laws. (Lists powers)

74
Q

Article 2

A

Sets up the executive branch, vp and p, and electoral college

75
Q

Article 3

A

Sets up judicial branch with a supreme court and says it interprets the laws

76
Q

Article 4

A

Talks about relations bewteen states that they have to be faitful and states can be added

77
Q

Article 5

A

Talks about creating amendments.

78
Q

Article 6

A

Sets up criteria for being president and gov’t officals with oath

79
Q

Article 7

A

Constitution is ratified!

80
Q

How many votes in electoral to win?

A

270

81
Q

Participatory Democracy

A

Citizens have the power to decide directly on policy and are responciple for decisions

82
Q

Pluralist Democracy

A

No 1 group dominates groups compete to influence policy

83
Q

Elite Democracy

A

Small groups of ppl infleunce desicion making (usally wealthy or well educated)

84
Q

McCollach v Maryland Con. issues

A

Supremecy Clause and N & P clause

85
Q

Baker v. Car Con. Issues

A

Equal Protection Clause, created unequal districts so improvised this law and ruled they were unconsittutuional

86
Q

Shaw v. Reno Con. Issues

A

Equal Protection Clause, becaus ethey created districts so they could get a majority black people for more black representitives, race cannot be only factor

87
Q

Marbury v Madison facts

A

Madison lost to Jefferson, Madison packed judges with federlists before he left and someone were undeleivered so Jefferson took out the undelivered. Marbury wanted a writ of mandamus so he could get his job tha he was legally entitled to do.

88
Q

Marbury v. Madison Con. Issue

A

JURISTICTION clauses and what cases federal gov can have, can only deal with states and ambassiators

89
Q

Marybury v. Madison Opinion

A

Yes he was allowed his commision it was just a mistake.

Then yes, he can sue with writ of mandamus

but the surpeme court cant do writs of mandamus because it is not stated in con. He thought they could because it was og juristiction but he was wrong because it interferes with articles III says he is not an ambasitor or state.

AP Government (4 decks)

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