Midterm Vocab Flashcards
Monarchy
A form a gov’t where power is invested in kings a queens who govern intrest of all
Totalitarianism
A form of gov’t where power resides in a leader who rules by self-intrest without regard for personal rights and liberties
Oligarchy
A form of gov’t that gives teh right to participate by weath, status, military posistion or achievement
Democracy
A system of gov’t that gives power to the people
Direct Democracy
A system of democracy which members of the polity and vote with majority rules
Indirect Democracy
A system of democracy which members vote on representitives who work on their behalf
Republic
A gov’t rooted in the consent on representives or indirect democracy
Political Culture
Commonly shared attitudes or beliefs/values about how government should be run
Personal Liberty
Freedom from the government interference -> Has changed from freedom FROM to Freedom TO
Political Equality
A principle that all citizens are the same in the eyes of the law
Popular Consent
A principle that the gov’t draws their powers from the consent of the people
Popular Sovereignty
A notion that the ultimate authority in society rests with the people
Political Ideology
Ideas of how government should be run believed by certian groups of people
5 Functions of US Government
- Establishing Justice
- Ensuring Domestic Tranquility
- Providing for the Common Defense
- Promoting the General Welfare
- Securing the Blessings of Liberty
Legitimacy
The belief that ruler or instituion of gov’t has right to govern
Virgina Plan
Proposed to create a strong central gov’t with 3 branches
New Jersey Plan
Proposed to strengthen the AOC, make house only 1 vote to make smaller states equal, give congress right to raise revenue, and create SC members appointed by life
The Great Compromise
Created a two house legislature with lower house elected by the people and powers divided by two houses. Gave HOR rep. by population and Senate equal rep. (also called Conneticat Comprimse)
3/5 Compromise
Each slave would count as 3/5 of a person for determining the population in the HOR
Seperation of Powers
Division of power in gov’t among the 3 branches with equality ensured by the constitution
Checks and Balances
Constitutionally gives each of the 3 branches some control over the actions of the branches
Federal System
Shared powers between states and federal governments
Commerce Clause (A and S)
Article 1 Section 8, National gov’t has the right to intervene with states dispites it it involves innerstate commerce
Faction
A group with simular intrests
Leg. checks on Exec.
-Impeachemnt
-Regect legislation by President
-Refuse Treaties
-Overrise presidental veto
Exec. checks on Leg.
-Veto
-Call congres
-Impliment laws
Jud. checks on Exec.
-Delcare acts unconstitutional
-Preside over impeachment trials
Exec. checks on Jud.
-Appoint Judges
-Refuse to impliment decisons
Jud. checks on Leg.
-Rule federal and states laws unconstituional
Leg. checks on Jud.
-change # of juristiction
-Impeach judges
-Propse constitutional amendments to overide jud. decisions
Valence Issues
Issues viewed the same way by both parties
Amendment Proccess
1st Step.) 2/3 vote by both houses or national convention of state legislatures 2/3 vote
2nd Step.) 3/4 vote of state legislatures or constitutional convention 3/4 vote
Political Machine
Orginization who forces voter loyalty with tangible incentives and controls member activity.
Party Realignment
Dramatic shift in partisan preference with parties
Ex.) Great Dpression, favoring government programs
Critical Election
Election that shows party realignment
Ex.) FDR in Great Depression
Secular Realignment
Gradual rearrangement of party coalitions, based on demographic shifts/partisan shifts.
National Levels Party Structure
1 National Chair
#2 National Committe
#3 National Convention
State Levels Party Structure
4 State Committe/Conventions
#5 District Committes
Local Levels Party Structure
6 County Committe
#7 Precint and ward Committe
#8 Activists/Volunteers
#9 Voters
Delegate
Selected individuals who swear and vote for certian candiadates in a primary
Super Delegates
A delegate who is not limited on who to vote for in a primary (only in democratic party)
Bonus Delegates
Delegates granted loyal states
Linkage Institution
An institution that connects the people to government
Ex.) Politcal parties platforms
Primary Election
Election of chosing which canidates will represent a party in the general election
Closed Primary
Election of chosing which canidates will represent a party in the general election.
Open Primary
registered voters can vote any party for primary despite registration
Run-off primary
Top two canidates from primary are voted on again
Porportinal rep. primary
Amount of delegates candiate get in a runoff primary
Front-Loading
Chosing a primary/cacaus date early in the year of the campaging and election.
Political Efficiancy
Feeling as one vote matters
Double Jepordy
Being put on trial twice for the same crime
Spoiler Effect
Whena minor party costs a major party candidate an election
Gridlock
Lack of action in gov’t due to unwillingness to comprimise
Gender Gap
Difference in gender voting expectations
Individual campagin fin. allows and restrictions
Allows: can give up to $3300 directly to candidate
Restrictions: Monitered by FEC and has to file discloser
527 political commitee campagin fin. allows and restrictions
Allows: issue group that can give unlimited money to advocacy
Restrictions: Cant directly say “vote for” and cordinate with campagins/candidate and files discloser under IRS
Super PACs campagin fin. allows and restrictions
Allows: can give unlimited amount of money to candidate
Restrictions: cant directly cordinate with candidate, have to file disclosers under FEC
Ex.) corps group lots of other corps money into big pool so they dont show advocacy just a super PAC
501 (c) (4) campagin fin. allows and restrictions
Allows: money is funneled through super PAC to pormote “social welfare education” and can fin. unlimited money with NO DISCLOSER
Restrictions: Monitered by IRS and cant cordinate with candiate or campagin.
Public Funds
Funds to preidental candidate from taxes to their campaign
Matching Funds
Donation in presidental campagins that every dollar less than $251 raised by one person is matched by federal treasery.
The Tillman Act
First cf act that was created to eliminate $$ to corrupt politics. It made it restricted for corps to donate to candidates or campaigns
Hatch Act
Did not allow civil servants from activist roles in partisan campaigns
FECA
-Set limits on donations
-Sets limits on spending
-Requires discloser
-Created FEC
BCRA
-adjusts individual limits for donations
-keeps PAC limit
-Eliminated SOFT MONEY
-illigal for corps to spend money of electonreering communications or advocacy
Retrospective judgement
Voters evaluation of party in power
Prospective judgement
Evaluation of candiate and what they say they will do
Initative
Submitting issues in a ballot
Referendum
issue on ballot that is changed or kept
Elector
A person in the Electoral College who participates in the electoral college (senate and HOR)
Political Socialization
How you got to who you are politically.
Conventional Political Participation
Exersizing traditional involvment in gov’t such as voting.
Unconventional Political Participation
Exersizing nontraditional involvment in gov’t such as protesting
Article 1
Article 1 sets up the legislative branch and it splits the poer into HOR and senate that makes laws. (Lists powers)
Article 2
Sets up the executive branch, vp and p, and electoral college
Article 3
Sets up judicial branch with a supreme court and says it interprets the laws
Article 4
Talks about relations bewteen states that they have to be faitful and states can be added
Article 5
Talks about creating amendments.
Article 6
Sets up criteria for being president and gov’t officals with oath
Article 7
Constitution is ratified!
How many votes in electoral to win?
270
Participatory Democracy
Citizens have the power to decide directly on policy and are responciple for decisions
Pluralist Democracy
No 1 group dominates groups compete to influence policy
Elite Democracy
Small groups of ppl infleunce desicion making (usally wealthy or well educated)
McCollach v Maryland Con. issues
Supremecy Clause and N & P clause
Baker v. Car Con. Issues
Equal Protection Clause, created unequal districts so improvised this law and ruled they were unconsittutuional
Shaw v. Reno Con. Issues
Equal Protection Clause, becaus ethey created districts so they could get a majority black people for more black representitives, race cannot be only factor
Marbury v Madison facts
Madison lost to Jefferson, Madison packed judges with federlists before he left and someone were undeleivered so Jefferson took out the undelivered. Marbury wanted a writ of mandamus so he could get his job tha he was legally entitled to do.
Marbury v. Madison Con. Issue
JURISTICTION clauses and what cases federal gov can have, can only deal with states and ambassiators
Marybury v. Madison Opinion
Yes he was allowed his commision it was just a mistake.
Then yes, he can sue with writ of mandamus
but the surpeme court cant do writs of mandamus because it is not stated in con. He thought they could because it was og juristiction but he was wrong because it interferes with articles III says he is not an ambasitor or state.
