unit 7 Flashcards
central place theory
a theory by Walter Christaller that says larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther
a rural settlement in which the houses and form buildings of each family are situated close to each other and fields surrounded the settlement
clustered rural settlement
industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement
basic industries
consumer services
businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers
dispersed rural settlement
a rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages
economic base
a community’s collection of basic industries
gravity model
a model that holds that’s the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related the distance people must travel to reach the service
market area (hinterland)
the area surrounding an urban center, which that urban center serves.
primate city rule
a pattern of settlements in a country, such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement
range
the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service
rank-size rule
rule that states that the population of any given town should be inversely proportional to its tank in the country’s hierarchy when the distribution of cities according to their sizes follow a certain pattern
threshold
a minimum number of people needed to support the service
annexation
legally adding land area to a city in the US, or legally adding land area to a country in the world
census tract
an area delineated by the US Bureau of the census for which statistics are published
central business district
the downtown or nucleus of a city
concentric zone model
a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings
edge city
a large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area
gentrification
a process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low income renter occupied area to a predominantly middle class owner-occupied area
green belt
a ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area
metropolitan statistical area (MSA)
in the US, a central city of at least 50000 population, the country within which the city is located, and adjacent countries meeting one of serval tests indicating a functional connection to the central city
peripheral model
a model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road
redlining
a process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries
sector model
a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors radiating out from the central business district
squatter settlement
an area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures
underclass
a group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic characteristics
urbanized area
consists of continuously build-up landscape of buildings and populations so that political boundaries are simply imaginary lines that separate them
zoning ordinance
a law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community
bid-rent theory
how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the central business district increases
cityscapes
an urban landscape
favela
illegal housing settlements
mega cities
cities with more than 10 million people
megalopolis
a very large urban complex
post modern urban landscape
Attempts to reconnect people to place through its architecture, the preservation of historical buildings, the re-emergence of mixed land uses and connections among developments
suburbanization
movement of upper and middle-class people from urban core stress to the sorrow don’t outskirts to escape pollution and deteriorating social conditions
