Unit 7 Flashcards
variable number of tandem repeats.
VNTRs
molecules that carry our genetic information. is the basic building block of our genetic makeup.
DNA
rod-like structures that contain genetic material. About 30,000 genes are found on each one of these.
Chromosomes
the basic and fundamental part of heredity.
Genes
that adenine (A) bases link up to thymine (T) bases. Cytosine (C) bases link to guanine (G) bases.
complimentary base pairings
the process of creating new DNA from existing DNA.
Replication
cells from the lining of the inner cheek.
Buccal cells
one of the methods forensic scientists use to study DNA. In this process, an enzyme is used to cut the DNA strand into sections. The DNA is separated at particular sites on the DNA strand, although the location of these sites will differ from person to person.
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)
. The pieces are then bound together with a complimentary DNA sequence
hybridization
create strands of DNA from small samples of DNA at crime scenes. DNA can be replicated from samples as small as skin cells and the process takes only a few hours.
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
creates a copy of the DNA through an automated process. In each cycle of this automated process, a new copy of the DNA is created, which means that over time, many copies can be created of the strand of DNA.
DNA thermal cycler
denaturation, annealing, and extension
Three stages of PCR
the breaking of the hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together, creating single strands. The temperature is then lowered for annealing and raised up again to about 75 degrees Celsius.
Denaturation
the process of reforming a double DNA strand
Annealing
is the process of creating a complimentary strand of DNA to the single strand.
Extension
