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Forensic Science > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the name of the first book to have written record of medical knowledge to solving a crime?

A

Hsi Duan Yu (chinese book from 1248)

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2
Q

In 1814 who published work on poisons and how they affected animals? Also known as the father of toxicology.

A

Mathieu Orfila

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3
Q

Who studied fingerprints and developed a methodology for their classification?

A

Francis Galton

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4
Q

Who figured out a way to determine the type of blood from a dried bloodstain and began applying the new test to criminal investigators?

A

Dr. Leone Lattes

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5
Q

Who found a way of using a comparison microscope to improve this technique to better match bullets?

A

Calvin Goddard

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6
Q

Who brought up the fact about cross-contamination?

A

Edmond Locard

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7
Q

When did the oldest forensic laboratory begin and where?

A

In 1923, Los Angeles

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8
Q

When did the Federal Bureau of Investigation begin its own national laboratory?

A

1932

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9
Q

A verbal statement given under oath.

A

Testimony

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10
Q

A science that deals with disease.

A

Pathology

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11
Q

A dissection and examination of the body, often to determine why the person died.

A

Autopsy

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12
Q

Studies sudden, unexplained, and violent deaths by using autopsies to determine the cause of death in an individual.

A

Forensic Pathology

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13
Q

Occurs within 24 hours after death and goes away after about 36 hours.

A

Rigor Mortis

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14
Q

Happens soon after death.

A

Liver Mortis

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15
Q

The gradual cooling of the body after death.

A

Algor Mortis

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16
Q

Specializes in the identification and examination of skeletal remains.

A

Forensic Anthropology

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17
Q

Focuses on the relationship between human behavior and criminal justice.

A

Forensic Psychiatry

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18
Q

Uses the study of insects to help criminal investigations.

A

Forensic Entomology

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19
Q

Provides insight into the identification of individuals through their teeth.

A

Forensic Odontology

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20
Q

Anything that can establish a crime has happened and anything that links the crime and the criminal.

A

Physical evidence

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21
Q

Show the crime scene in wide angles.

A

Overview photographs

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22
Q

Closer to the evidence, but they still show surrounding evidence.

A

Intermediate photographs

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23
Q

May focus on an injury, a weapon, or a piece of evidence.

A

Close-up photographs

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24
Q

Show the location of evidence and contain accurate accounts of the distances between them and the dimensions of the crime scene.

A

Rough sketches

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25
Q

A precise representation of the scene is produced.

A

Finished sketch

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26
Q

Additional sites where criminal activity might have happened, also are searched.

A

Secondary crime scenes

27
Q

A list of all persons who had possession of the evidence during the crime investigation.

A

Chain of custody

28
Q

A sample of physical evidence. (unknown sample)

A

Questioned sample

29
Q

Comes from a particular person or place, to compare with the questioned sample.

A

Known sample

30
Q

Should be placed in paper bags, or envelopes.

A

Firearms

31
Q

Evidence that is small and often hard to find.

A

Trace evidence

32
Q

This generally happens through personal delivery of mail shipment if needed.

A

Submitting evidence

33
Q

Protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures.

A

The Fourth Amendment

34
Q

Includes tangible objects, including weapons, trace evidence like hair, blood, or fibers, and fingerprints.

A

Physical evidence

35
Q

Any type of written or recorded evidence, such as a recording of a telephone conversation or a video recording of a crime.

A

Documentary evidence

36
Q

Evidence that is used to help recreate or illustrate a crime.

A

Demonstrative evidence

37
Q

The process of determining the chemical or physical characteristics of a piece of evidence with as much certainty as possible.

A

Identification

38
Q

The process of testing a suspect sample with a known sample to prove whether or not they share a common origin.

A

Comparison

39
Q

The frequency of an event.

A

Probability

40
Q

Properties associated with a common source to a high degree of certainty.

A

Individual characteristics

41
Q

The ridge endings, enclosures, and other details that make up a fingerprint.

A

Ridge characteristics or minutiae

42
Q

Those that can only be associated with a group and not a single source.

A

Class characteristics

43
Q

Those that describe a substance or object without referring to any other substance.

A

Physical properties

44
Q

Those that describe what happens when a substance reacts with another substance.

A

Chemical properties

45
Q

Those that extend outward from the point of impact.

A

Radial fractures

46
Q

Those fractures that form a circle around the point of impact.

A

Concentric fractures

47
Q

Hairs form and structure

A

Morphology

48
Q

A set of cells that runs through the hair.

A

Medulla

49
Q

Found in the nucleus of a cell and is inherited from both biological parents.

A

Nuclear DNA

50
Q

Found in small structures outside the nucleus of a cell and is inherited from the biological mother.

A

Mitochondrial DNA

51
Q

This system categorizes the properties of blood into three different blood types.

A

A-B-O System

52
Q

Mixes a sample of the dried substance with the chemical phenolphthalein and hydrogen peroxide. If the substance is blood, the bloods hemoglobin will turn a deep pink.

A

Kastle Meyer color test

53
Q

A very sensitive test and can show blood even when it has been diluted up to 300,000 times.

A

Luminol

54
Q

Used to distinguish between animal and human blood.

A

Precipitin test

55
Q

Who studied bloodstains extensively and has offered a number of important observations about bloodstains?

A

Herbert L. MacDonell

56
Q

How many separate ridge characteristics are in each fingerprint?

A

150

57
Q

Characterized by ridge lines that enter on one side, loop around, and exit on the same side. About 60-65% of the population has them.

A

Loop fingerprints

58
Q

Ridge patterns that are circular in shape with two deltas. About 30-35% of the population has them.

A

Whorl fingerprints

59
Q

Ridge lines which start on one side and exit on the other side of the print. About 5% of the population has them.

A

Arch fingerprints

60
Q

Made by the oil and perspiration that is deposited on the surface.

A

Latent fingerprints

61
Q

Created when a surface is touched after the finger has been in contact with another substance, such as blood, ink, or paint.

A

Visible fingerprints

62
Q

Prints created when the finger touches a soft material like soap or putty.

A

Plastic prints

63
Q

Aims UV light at areas where fingerprints may be.

A

Reflected Ultraviolet Imaging System

Forensic Science (3 decks)

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