Unit 7 Flashcards
What economic policies did Republican leadership in the 1920s support?
Limited government regulation, tax reductions, tariff increases, and corporate tax cuts.
What major industries fueled economic growth between 1919 and 1929?
Automobile, electricity, oil, and assembly-line manufacturing.
How did businesses respond to labor unions in the 1920s?
Labor union membership declined by 20%, and some companies practiced welfare capitalism to prevent unionization.
What was the Progressive belief about government’s role in society?
Progressives believed government should correct social and economic issues caused by industrialization and corruption.
What reforms were enacted during the Progressive Era?
Secret ballots, direct primaries, direct election of senators, initiatives, referendums, and recall elections.
What was the Square Deal?
Theodore Roosevelt’s policy for conservation, control of corporations, and consumer protection.
What was the purpose of the Federal Reserve Act?
To create a federally regulated banking system with a stable currency.
What caused the Great Depression?
Stock market speculation, income inequality, overproduction, farm debt, bank failures, and government inaction.
What was the New Deal’s main goal?
Relief for the unemployed, economic recovery, and financial reform.
Name one major act from the First New Deal.
The Glass-Steagall Act, which increased bank regulations.
What was the Social Security Act?
A federal insurance program providing retirement benefits funded by payroll taxes.
How did youth culture change in the 1920s?
Jazz music, rebellious fashion (flappers), increased promiscuity, and new dance styles.
What technologies spread mass culture in the early 20th century?
Radio, movies, and automobiles.
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
A cultural movement in Harlem showcasing African American artistic achievements.
What was the Great Migration?
The movement of African Americans from the South to Northern cities for jobs and to escape racial violence.
What were quota laws?
Immigration restrictions that favored Northern and Western Europeans while limiting Southern and Eastern Europeans.
How did Prohibition end?
The 21st Amendment repealed the 18th Amendment in 1933.
What was the resurgence of the KKK in the 1920s about?
It targeted African Americans, Catholics, Jews, foreigners, and suspected communists.
What were arguments for U.S. expansionism in the late 19th century?
Economic opportunities, Social Darwinism, and extending Manifest Destiny.
What was the significance of the Spanish-American War?
It marked the U.S. as a global power, leading to the annexation of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.
What was the Open Door Policy?
It ensured equal trade access to China for all nations.
What led the U.S. into World War I?
German unrestricted submarine warfare, the Zimmerman Telegram, and economic ties to the Allies.
What was the Red Scare?
A post-WWI anti-communist hysteria leading to immigration restrictions.
What was the Good Neighbor Policy?
FDR’s promise to avoid intervention in Latin America.
What was the Lend-Lease Act?
A policy allowing the U.S. to supply arms to Allied nations on credit before entering WWII.
What was the impact of WWII on African Americans?
Migration to industrial jobs, continued discrimination, and race riots in cities like Detroit.
What was Executive Order 9066?
It ordered the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII.
How did women contribute to WWII?
5 million entered the workforce, encouraged by figures like “Rosie the Riveter.”
What was the Yalta Conference?
A 1945 meeting where Allied leaders divided Germany and planned for post-war Europe.
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What was the Teapot Dome Scandal?
A bribery scandal during Harding’s presidency where government oil reserves were leased to private companies for personal gain.
What was the Fordney-McCumber Tariff (1922)?
Raised American tariffs to protect businesses but worsened economic conditions in Europe, leading to a decline in international trade.
What is Scientific Management?
A method to improve manufacturing efficiency by analyzing workflows, leading to the widespread adoption of the assembly line.
What was Radio’s Economic Impact in the 1920s?
The rapid growth of radio transformed advertising, spreading consumer culture and increasing demand for new products.
What was the Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930)?
One of the highest U.S. tariffs in history; worsened the Great Depression by reducing global trade.
What caused Bank Failures During the Great Depression?
Thousands of banks collapsed due to loan defaults and panic-driven withdrawals, worsening the economic crisis.
Who were the Flappers?
Young women in the 1920s who defied traditional norms by embracing short hair, short skirts, and new social freedoms.
What was the Scopes Trial (1925)?
A highly publicized trial where John Scopes was prosecuted for teaching evolution, highlighting the divide between modernists and fundamentalists.
Who were notable figures of the Harlem Renaissance?
Notable figures include Langston Hughes (poet), Zora Neale Hurston (novelist), and Duke Ellington (musician), who celebrated Black culture.
What was the Sacco and Vanzetti Case?
Two Italian immigrants and anarchists were executed for robbery and murder, symbolizing anti-immigrant sentiment and injustice.
What was the Quota Act of 1924?
Severely restricted immigration, especially from Southern and Eastern Europe, reflecting nativist attitudes.
What was the impact of The Great Migration?
African Americans moving North led to increased cultural influence but also intensified racial tensions and violence.
What was the Nye Committee (1934-1936)?
Investigated U.S. arms manufacturers and concluded that economic interests pushed the U.S. into WWI, fueling isolationism.
What were the Neutrality Acts (1935-1937)?
A series of laws aimed at keeping the U.S. out of future wars by banning arms sales and loans to warring nations.
What was the Destroyers-for-Bases Deal (1940)?
The U.S. provided Britain with 50 old naval destroyers in exchange for military base rights in the Caribbean.
What was Women’s Role in WWII?
Women took on industrial jobs (“Rosie the Riveter”), joined auxiliary military services, and contributed to wartime production.
What was the Double V Campaign?
African Americans pushed for victory against fascism abroad and racial discrimination at home during WWII.
What was Executive Order 8802 (1941)?
Issued by FDR, this order banned racial discrimination in defense industries, marking a step toward civil rights.
What was the Battle of Midway (1942)?
A turning point in the Pacific Theater where the U.S. defeated Japan, shifting momentum in WWII.
What was the Manhattan Project?
A secret U.S. project during WWII that developed the atomic bomb, leading to the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
What was The GI Bill (1944)?
Provided WWII veterans with benefits like tuition assistance and low-interest home loans, shaping post-war America.
What was the Yalta Conference (1945)?
Meeting between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin to plan post-war Europe, leading to tensions between the U.S. and USSR.
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