Unit 6 Flashcards
What was the Great Railroad Strike?
This strike occurred during the economic depression that resulted from the Panic of 1873. The strikes were precipitated by wage cuts. The National Guard of Pennsylvania was called to break the strike & operations resumed.
What was the Homestead Strike?
Conflict between Carnegie and his workers who were part of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers. A gun battle resulted in which a number of Pinkerton agents and strikers were killed and many were injured.
What was the Pullman Strike?
Led by the American Railway Union. The federal government obtained an injunction against the union, ordering them to stop interfering with trains that carried mail. After the strikers refused, President Grover Cleveland ordered in the Army to stop the strikers from obstructing the trains.
What happened at Haymarket Square?
Labor protest rally in Chicago that turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police. This set off a national wave of xenophobia, as scores of foreign-born radicals and labor organizers were rounded up by the police in Chicago and elsewhere.
What was the National Labor Union?
The first large-scale U.S. union, founded in 1866 to organize skilled and unskilled laborers, farmers, and factory workers. Blacks and women, however, were not allowed to join the union.
What was the Knights of Labor?
Organized unskilled and skilled workers and campaigned for an eight hour workday. They collapsed following the 1886 Haymarket Square riot.
What was the American Federation of Labor?
Represented only skilled white male craftsmen in the cities. It was a loose grouping of smaller craft unions, such as the masons’ union, the hat makers’ union or Samuel Gompers’s own cigar makers’ union.
Do monopolists have an advantage over labor unions?
Yes, monopolists have a distinct advantage over labor unions.
What role did political machines and party bosses play?
Political machines and party bosses could protect people from being arrested for their crimes.
What was McKinley associated with?
McKinley was associated with pro-business policies.
What was the Republican stance on the ‘Free Silver’ platform?
The ‘Free Silver’ platform was opposed by Republicans as it was used in less prosperous places.
Ulysses S. Grant
The presidency was his first elected office, and his underlings were notoriously corrupt. He attempted Civil Service Reforms, but they were largely ineffective.
What happened to James A. Garfield?
He was assassinated by a Stalwart who opposed Civil Service Reform.
Why was Chester A. Arthur added to the GOP ticket?
To keep the Stalwarts as part of the Republican Party.
He fought for lower tariffs and modernized the navy.
What notable achievement did Grover Cleveland have as president?
He became the first Democratic president since 1856 and was elected to two non-consecutive terms.
He set a veto record with 304.
What was Benjamin Harrison’s relation to a former president?
His grandfather had served as president.
He proposed the annexation of Hawaii and signed off on the McKinley Tariff.
How did Rutherford B. Hayes become president? What else was important during his presidency?
He became president due to the Compromise of 1877.
He vetoed Democratic attempts to restrict Black voting rights, but his presidency marked the end of Reconstruction.
What happened to James A. Garfield?
He was assassinated by a Stalwart who opposed Civil Service Reform.
Why was Chester A. Arthur added to the GOP ticket? What did he advocate for?
He was added to keep Stalwarts in the Republican Party. He advocated for lower tariffs and modernized the navy.
What is significant about Grover Cleveland’s presidency?
He was the first Democratic president since 1856, serving two non-consecutive terms. He set a veto record with 304.
Who was Benjamin Harrison? What did he propose?
He was the grandson of a former president and lasted longer in office. As president, he proposed the annexation of Hawaii and signed off on the McKinley Tariff
What is vertical integration?
A business strategy, often used by Gilded Age tycoons, that attempts to insulate a company from competition by integrating every aspect of production into a single company, thus eliminating middlemen. Steel baron Andrew Carnegie, for example, owned coal and iron fields, railroads, shipping companies, and marketing interests that were involved in the transportation and sale of his steel. By eliminating expensive middlemen, businessmen like Carnegie could secure more profit for themselves.
Simplified: the combination in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies.
Simplified Further: When a company handles every single step in the production of a product from the gathering of raw materials all the way to the delivery of the final product.
What is Horizontal integration?
A business tactic, often employed by Gilded Age businessmen, that seeks to put competitors out of business by selling one type of product in various markets. Another way to accomplish horizontal integration is to buy these competing companies and limit consumer access to a particular commodity, thereby creating a Monopoly.
Memorize this
What did the Farmer’s Alliance and the Populists want? (6 things)
- They wanted government regulation or ownership of basic infrastructure like communication & transportation
- They wanted a LOWER protective tariff
- They wanted a GRADUATED INCOME TAX (different tax levels based on wealth) NOT universal reduction of income taxes
- They wanted the Senate to be elected by a direct popular vote
- They wanted an inflationary currency with unlimited coinage in silver
- They wanted to ABOLISH the national bank
Who founded the American Women’s Suffrage Association (AWSA)?
The AWSA was NOT founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony.
The AWSA aimed to win suffrage on a state-by-state basis.
What was the goal of the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA)?
The NWSA wanted to achieve a federal amendment to the Constitution to secure women’s suffrage.
True or False: Few women worked outside the home during the Gilded Age.
FALSE: Many women worked outside the home to supplement their husband’s low wages.
This was due to the idea of ‘separate spheres’.
What was NAWSA?
NAWSA (National American Women Suffrage Association) was founded as a combination of AWSA and NWSA. with ultimate goals of granting women the right to vote.
American Women Suffrage Association–National Women suffrage association
Did the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fires setback the Women’s rights movement?
No, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fires was NOT a setback for the Women’s rights movement.
It convinced many women that they needed a larger voice in politics.
What was Teddy Roosevelt’s stance on women’s suffrage in the 1912 Election?
Teddy Roosevelt SUPPORTED women’s suffrage in the 1912 Election.
In what other reform movements were women active?
Women were active in many other reform movements such as fighting for Temperance or establishing Settlement Houses for immigrants.
