Unit 7 Flashcards
Muscle fiber
Muscle cells are also called muscle fibers
Skeletal muscle
Moves the skeleton
Cardiac muscle
Moves blood when it pumps the heart
Intercalated discs
Connect cardiac muscle cells allow for the muscle cells to communicate quickly with one another through gap junctions, and to resist tearing with anchoring junctions
These features allow cardiac muscle cells to work together as a single unit, thereby pushing blood out of the heart
Smooth muscle
Moves fluids within hollow organs
Endomysium
Each muscle cell fiber is surrounded by aerial tissue called the endomysium
endo- means inner mysium-Pertaining to muscle
Making the endomysium the innermost connective tissue layer of whole muscles
Perimysum
Surrounding each fascicle is another connective tissue layer called the perimysum
Peri- means around mysium-means pertaining to muscle
Fascicle
Muscle fibers group together and what is called a fascicle
Tendon
Tendons pull on bones when a muscle contracts, which allows for the contraction of skeletal muscle to move the skeleton
The connective tissue and a tendon is dense regular connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Is a fiber extension of the epimysium resembling a sheet of connected tissue rather than a rope like extension
Agonist
The whole muscle providing the most force is called agonist, prime mover
Synergists
Home muscles that performed the opposite muscles, helping an agonist with a movement are synergists
Syn-“ together with” so it makes sense that the synergist performed to same movement as the agonist
Antagonist
‘Antagonist means to oppose so again the antagonist performs the opposite movement compared to the agonist
Antagonist
‘Antagonist means to oppose so again the antagonist performs the opposite movement compared to the agonist
Fixators
Helps keep the skeleton in place when performing movement
They keep or fix a bone in place to avoid this articulation of the skeleton
Indirect attachment
Through a tendon or aponeurosis
Direct attachment
When the epitome and the periosteum fused together to attach a whole muscle to bone
Sternocleidomastoid
Muscles on either side of the body work together during head flexion making them synergistic.
Attaches to sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process of the skull
Temporalis
Directly attaches to the temporal bone of the cranium
Indirectly attaches to the coronoid process of the mandible
attachment point coronoid process of rthe mandible
Temporal bone is the temporalis orgin
Masseter
Is named based on its primary movement which allows the jaws to clinch together when chewing food mastication.
Pectoralis major
One of two muscles in the pectoral region.
It’s the superficial of the two is the large one.
Pectoralis minor
The smaller pictorial muscle is deep to the pectoralis major
External intercostal muscle
The superficial (outer) intercostal muscles
External intercostal muscle
The superficial (outer) intercostal muscles
Internal intercostal muscles
Deep (inner) intercostal muscle
Serratus anterior
muscle has an anterior rated shape like a serrated knife
Deltoid
Triangular muscle of the shoulder
Delta means triangle
prime mover in arm abduction
Diaphgram
Dia -across
Broad flat muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal pelvic body cavities within the ventral body cavity.
When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic body cavity increases in volume making the diaphragm the prime mover when you breathe in when the diaphragm relaxes, you breathe out, inhalation, breathing in or inspiration and active movement, (diaphragm contracts) and exhalation, breathing out or expiration is a passive movement (diaphragm relaxes)
Rectus abdominis
Are separated by the linea alba and the fibers of the muscle are straight up and down, which is the meaning of rectus
“Six pack”
Transverse abdominis
One home muscle is a sheet of muscle with fiber is going across the body within the frontal plane. The transverse abdominous is the deepest layer of all the muscles of the abdomen.
External oblique
runs diagonally across the body on either side of the rectus abdominis up
The superficial of the two diagonal muscles is the external oblique
Internal oblique
Deep to the external oblique
Supraspinatus
Is mauled with in the super spinosus fossa
Infraspinatus
Within the infraspinous fossa
Subscapularis
Subscapular fossa
Latissimus Dorisi
Name both words, location, Dorsey, but also it’s shape. Latissimus means wide the latissimus. Dorsey is a wide muscle, the lower back that travels up the length of the torso and wraps around the proximal end of the humerus near the axilla to insert into the intertubicular groove.
Trapezius
Is a broad superficial muscle that occupies a large area of the superior dorsum
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor
Teres major
Teres means rounded are muscles that when dissected across their fibers appears circular or rounded in shape, both originate on the scapula and insert onto the humorous
Teres major inserts into the intertubecular groove of the humerus and is synergistic to the latissimus dorsi in the movement of shoulder extension
Teres minor
Is the fourth rotator cuff muscle that helps keep the shoulder joint in place
Levator scapulae
Attached to the medial border of the scapula and the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Erector spinae muscle
Group of muscles that run the length of the spine and help maintaining posture by keeping the spine erect
