Unit 7

Question 1

Mexican Revolution

Answer 1

(1910-1920 CE) Armed rebellion in which the Mexican people fought for political and social reform, especially against neocolonialism; resulted in ouster of Porfirio Diaz from power; opposition forces led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.

Question 2

Total War

Answer 2

A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort; most notably WWI

Question 3

Propaganda

Answer 3

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

Question 4

Great Depression

Answer 4

the economic crisis beginning with the US stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s; had far-reaching global economic effects including further hindering countries recovering from WWI

Question 5

New Deal

Answer 5

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression; an example of a government taking greater economic control

Question 6

Fascist Corporatist economy

Answer 6

An anti-capitalist economy where government controlled corporations and had political influence through them.

Question 7

Five Year Plan

Answer 7

plans outlined by Joseph Stalin in 1928 for the development of the Soviet Union’s economy; wanted to rebuild the Soviet economy after WWI; tried to improve heavy industry and improve farm output, but resulted in famine

Question 8

League of Nations

Answer 8

A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946.

Question 9

Mandate System

Answer 9

Allocation of former German colonies and Ottoman possessions to the victorious powers after World War I; to be administered under League of Nations supervision.

Question 10

Indian National Congress

Answer 10

group formed by Hindu nationalist leaders of India in the late 1800’s to gain greater democracy and eventual self-rule

Question 11

Fascism

Answer 11

A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and has no tolerance for opposition; actively promotes social hierarchies with rules by elite

Question 12

Totalitarianism

Answer 12

A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator

Question 13

Militarism

Answer 13

A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war

Question 14

Atomic Bomb

Answer 14

a nuclear weapon developed in the US in which enormous energy is released by nuclear fission; first used during WWII on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Question 15

Fire bombing

Answer 15

Bombs dropped on Germany and Japan with intentions to spread fires and take down cities

Question 16

Armenian Genocide

Answer 16

Ottoman Muslim Turks target Christian minority group from 1915-1917

Question 17

Holocaust

Answer 17

A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.

Question 18

Genocide

Answer 18

the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.

Question 19

Rwandan Genocide

Answer 19

The killing of more than 500,000 ethnic Tutsis by rival Hutu militias in Rwanda in 1994.

Question 20

Bolsheviks

Answer 20

A party of revolutionary Marxists, led by Vladimir Lenin, who seized power in Russia in 1917.

Question 21

Central Powers

Answer 21

WWI alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire opposing the Allies.

Question 22

Allied Powers

Answer 22

WWI alliance of Great Britain, France, Italy, Russia, and later the US (1917)

Question 23

Reparations

Answer 23

As part of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was ordered to pay fines to the Allies to repay the costs of the war. Opposed by the U.S., it quickly lead to a severe depression in Germany.

Question 24

Paris Peace Conference

Answer 24

The great rulers and countries excluding Germany and Russia met at Versailles to negotiate the repercussions of the war; leaders included Loyd George (Britain), Woodrow Wilson (America), Clemenceau (France) and Italy. The Treaty of Versailles was made but not agreed to be signed and the conference proved unsuccessful.

Question 25

Fourteen Points

Answer 25

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I; created the League of Nations

Question 26

Weimar Republic

Answer 26

the name given to the German government between the end of the Imperial period (1918) and the beginning of Nazi Germany (1933).

Question 27

Trench Warfare

Answer 27

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield; used prolifically during WWI

Question 28

Stalemate

Answer 28

A situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible; Western front of WWI

Question 29

Collectivize

Answer 29

to run or organize a farm according to principles of united control; often used by Communist countries to expedite industrial and agricultural production resulting in shortages

Question 30

Balfour Declaration

Answer 30

British document that promised land in Palestine as homeland for Jews in exchange for Jews help in WWI

Question 31

Mao Zedong

Answer 31

(1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People’s Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976.

Question 32

Zionism

Answer 32

A policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine.