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Biology > Unit 7 > Flashcards

Unit 7 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the process by which one strain of bacteria is apparently changed into another strain

A

transformation

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2
Q

bacteriophages are

A

viruses

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3
Q

what does a nucleotide contain

A

a 5-carbon sugar (dioxyribose sugar)
a nitrogenous base
a phosphate group

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4
Q

where is DNA molecules located in prokaryotes

A

cytoplasm

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5
Q

the main enzyme involved in linking individual nucleotides into DNA molecules

A

DNA polymerase

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6
Q

the process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA

A

transcription

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7
Q

what is the appearance of DNA in a typical prokaryotic cell

A

circular DNA molecule floating in the cytoplasm, double helix

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8
Q

a group of three mRNA nucleotides that code for one amino acid.

A

codon

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9
Q

how does RNA differ from DNA

A

rna contains uricil and ribose

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10
Q

the process of decoding mRNA into a polypeptide chain is known as

A

translation

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11
Q

what is a polypeptide chain

A

a protein

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12
Q

what did Hershey and Chase’s work show

A

genes are probally made of DNA

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13
Q

the process by which DNA is written into an mRNA form

A

transcription

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14
Q

transcription process

A

RNA polymerase unzips one gene of the DNA. RNA polymerase adds RNA using the base pairing rules it adds RNA nucleotides (U for T and G fro C)

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15
Q

translation process

A

mRNA feeds through the ribosome and reads condons. Codons feeds through the ribosome and tRNA molecule transfers and links new amino acides

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16
Q

a nucleotide is insered or deleted from a DNA sequence, messing up the three letter reading system

A

frameshift

17
Q

a change in a DNA cuases a STOP codon to be conded for pre-matrually. This causes a disg=functional protein to be created

A

nonsense mutations

18
Q

a change in the DNA or RNA sequence but it doesn’t affect which amino acid is translated

A

silent mutations

19
Q

a point mutation does change the amino acid that is coded for. Might or may not have an significant affect on the protein being created

A

missense mutaions

20
Q

creditited with dicovering thr double helic nature of DNA

A

Watson and Crick

21
Q

created for taking a photo of the DNA structure

A

Rosalind Franklin

22
Q

unzips the DNA and forms a replication fork

A

DNA helicase

23
Q

adds DNA nucleotides from 5’ to 3’ direction

A

DNA Polymerase 2

24
Q

which direction are nucleotides added

A

5’ to 3’

Biology (3 decks)

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