Unit 7 Flashcards
the process by which one strain of bacteria is apparently changed into another strain
transformation
bacteriophages are
viruses
what does a nucleotide contain
a 5-carbon sugar (dioxyribose sugar)
a nitrogenous base
a phosphate group
where is DNA molecules located in prokaryotes
cytoplasm
the main enzyme involved in linking individual nucleotides into DNA molecules
DNA polymerase
the process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA
transcription
what is the appearance of DNA in a typical prokaryotic cell
circular DNA molecule floating in the cytoplasm, double helix
a group of three mRNA nucleotides that code for one amino acid.
codon
how does RNA differ from DNA
rna contains uricil and ribose
the process of decoding mRNA into a polypeptide chain is known as
translation
what is a polypeptide chain
a protein
what did Hershey and Chase’s work show
genes are probally made of DNA
the process by which DNA is written into an mRNA form
transcription
transcription process
RNA polymerase unzips one gene of the DNA. RNA polymerase adds RNA using the base pairing rules it adds RNA nucleotides (U for T and G fro C)
translation process
mRNA feeds through the ribosome and reads condons. Codons feeds through the ribosome and tRNA molecule transfers and links new amino acides
a nucleotide is insered or deleted from a DNA sequence, messing up the three letter reading system
frameshift
a change in a DNA cuases a STOP codon to be conded for pre-matrually. This causes a disg=functional protein to be created
nonsense mutations
a change in the DNA or RNA sequence but it doesn’t affect which amino acid is translated
silent mutations
a point mutation does change the amino acid that is coded for. Might or may not have an significant affect on the protein being created
missense mutaions
creditited with dicovering thr double helic nature of DNA
Watson and Crick
created for taking a photo of the DNA structure
Rosalind Franklin
unzips the DNA and forms a replication fork
DNA helicase
adds DNA nucleotides from 5’ to 3’ direction
DNA Polymerase 2
which direction are nucleotides added
5’ to 3’
