Unit 6 Vocabulary Flashcards
A suburb that has grown rapidly into a large, sprawling city with more than 100,000 residents.
Boomburb
A theory used to describe the spatial relationship between cities and their surrounding communities.
Central Place Theory
A type of community located on the outskirts of a larger city with commercial centers with office spaces, rental complexes, and other activities typical of an urban center.
Edge City
A typically fast growing community outside or on the edge of a metropolitan area where the residents and community are closely connected to the central city + suburbs
Exurbs
A model that predicts the interaction between two or more places; derived from Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation.
Gravity Model
Redevelopment that identifies and develops vacant parcels of land within previously built areas.
Infill
A city with a population of more than 10,000,000
Megacity
A city with a population of more than 20,000,000
Metacity
A city and the surrounding areas that are influenced culturally and economically by the city.
Metropolitan area
The largest city in a country, which far exceeds the next city in population, size, and importance.
Primate city
In central place theory, the distance someone is willing to travel for a good or service.
Range
An explanation of the size of cities within a country; states that the second largest city will be 1/2 the size of the largest, the third 1/3 the size of the largest, etc.
Additional definition: Cityx=(1/x)z, where x is the rank of the city within the system, and z is the population of the largest system.
Rank-size rule
In Central Place Theory, the number of people needed to support a business
Threshold
A city and its surrounding suburbs.
Urban area
Areas of poorly planned, low-density development surrounding the city.
Urban sprawl
A city that wields political, cultural, and economic influence on a global scale.
World City
A model of urban development depicting a city with three central business districts, growing outward in a series of concentric rings.
African city model
A model of development depicting a city growing outward from a central business district in a series of concentric rings.
Concentric-zone model
A high-poverty urban area in a disadvantageous location, containing steep slopes, fold-prone ground, rail lines, landfills, and industry.
Disamenity zone
A model of urban development depicting a city where economic activity has moved from the CBD towards loose coalitions of other urban areas and suburbs; also known as the peripheral model.
Galactic city model
A model of urban development depicting a city with a CBD, concentric rings, and sections stricken by poverty; also known as the Griffen Ford model.
Latin American city model
A model of urban development depicting a city where growth occurs around the progressive integration of multiple nodes, not around one CBD.
Multiple-nuclei model
The focal point of a functional region
Node
A model of urban development depicting a city with wedge-shaped sectors and divisions emanating from the CBD, generally among transient routes.
Sector model
A model of urban development depicting a city oriented around a port and lacking a formal central business district, growing outward in concentric rings and along multiple nodes.
Southeast Asian City Model:
An informal housing area beset with overcrowding and poverty that features temporary homes that often are made of wood scraps or metal sheeting.
Squatter settlement
The process of dividing a city or urban area into zones within which only certain land uses are permitted.
Zoning
A practice by real agents who would stir up concern that black families would soon move into the neighborhood; the agents would convince white property owners to sell their houses at below-market prices.
Blockbusting
Abandoned and polluted industrial site in a centrla city or suburb.
Brownfield
Segregation that results from residential settlement patterns rather than from prejudicial loss.
De facto segregation
The impact of a person or community or the environment expressed as the amount of land required to sustain the use of natural resources.
Ecological footprint
A government’s right to take privately owned property for public use.
Eminent domain
The ways in which communities of color and poor people are morel likely to be exposed to environmental burdens such as air pollution or contaminated waste; also environmental racism.
Environmental injustice
A school of thought that promotes designing growth to limit the amount of urban sprawl and pressure on nature and usable farmland.
New urbanism
A practice by which a financial institution such as a bank refuses to offer home loans on the basis of ethnicity/race.
Redlining
Planning conducted at a regional scale that seeks to coordinate the development of housing, transport, infrastructure, and economic activity.
Regional planning
A city where planners have used smart-growth policies to decrease the rate at which the city grows outward.
Slow-growth city
Policy implemented to create sustainable communities by placing development in convenient locations and designing it to be more efficient and environmentally responsible.
Smart-growth policy
Zoning that creates separate zones based on land-use type or economic function such as various categories of residential (low, medium, high-density, commercial, or industrial).
Traditional zoning
The creation of dense, walkable, pedestrian-oriented, mixed-use communities centered or located near a transit station.
Transportation oriented development
A boundary that separates urban land uses from rural land uses by limiting how far a city can expand.
Urban growth boundary
The nationwide movement that developed in the 1950’s and 60’s when US entries were given massive federal grants to tear down and clear out crumbling neighborhoods and former industrial zones as a means of rebuilding their downtowns.
Urban renewal
A measure of how safe, convinient, and efficient it is to walk in an urban environment.
Walkability
Area that has been largely deserted due to lack of jobs, decrease in land value, and fall in demand.
Zone of abandonment
The process of neighborhood change in which housing vacated by more affluent groups passes down the income sale to lower-income groups.
Filtering
A ring of parkland, agricultural land, or other types of open space maintained around an urban area to limit sprawl.
Greenbelt
Law that creates affordable housing by offering incentives for developers to set aside a minimum percentage of new housing construction to be allocated for low-income renters or buyers.
Inclusionary zoning law
A single planned development designed to include multiple uses, such as residential, retail, educational, recreational, industrial, and office spaces.
Mixed-use development (MUD)
Zoning that permits multiple land uses in the same space or structure.
Mixed zoning
The legal rights, as defined by a society, associated with owning land.
Land tenure
