unit 6 vocab Flashcards
Boomburb
A suburb that has grown rapidly into a large and sprawling city with more that 100,000 residents
Central place theory
a theory used to
describe the spatial relationship between
cities and their surrounding communities
Edge city
a type of community located on
the outskirts of a larger city with commercial
centers with office space, retail complexes,
and other amenities typical of an urban center
Exurb
a typically fast-growing community
outside of or on the edge of a metropolitan
area where the residents and community
are closely connected to the central city and
suburbs
Gravity model
a model that predicts the
interaction between two or more places;
geographers derived the model from Newton’s
law of universal gravitation
Infill
Redevelopment that identifies and develops vacant parcels of land within previously built areas
Mega city
A city with a population of more that 10 million
Meta city
A city with a population of more that 20 million
Metropolitan area
A city and the surrounding areas that are influenced economically and culturally by the city
Prime City
The largest city in a country, which far exceeds the next city in population size and importance
Range
In central place theory, the distance that someone is willing to travel for a good or service
Rank-size rule
Explanation of size of cities within a country; states that the second largest city will be 1/2 of the size of the biggest, the third largest 1/3 of the size of the biggest city and so on and so fourth.
Threshold
In central place theory, the number of people needed to support a business
Urban area
A city and its surrounding suburbs
Urban sprawl
Areas of poorly planned, low density development surrounding a city
World city
A city that wields political, cultural, and economic influence on a global scale
African city model
a model of urban development depicting a city with three central business districts, growing outward in a series of concentric rings
Concentric zone model
a model of urban
development depicting a city growing outward
from a central business district in a series of
concentric rings
Disamenity zone
a high-poverty urban area
in a disadvantaged location containing steep
slopes, flood-prone ground, rail lines, landfills,
or industry
Galactic city model
a model of urban
development depicting a city where economic
activity has moved from the central business
district toward loose coalitions of other
urban areas and suburbs; also known as the
peripheral model
Latin american city model
a model of urban
development depicting a city with a central
business district, concentric rings, and
sections stricken by poverty; also known as
the Griffin-Ford model
multiple-nuclei model
a model of urban development depicting a city where growth occurs around the progressive integration of multiple nodes, not around one central business district
Node
The focal point of a functional region.
Sector model
a model of urban development depicting a city with wedge-shaped sectors and divisions emanating from the central business district, generally along transit routes
Southeast Asian city model
a model of urban development depicting a city oriented around a port and lacking a formal central business district, growing outward in concentric rings and along multiple nodes
Squatter settlement
an informal housing area beset with overcrowding and poverty that features temporary homes often made of wood scraps or metal sheeting
Zoning
The process of dividing a city or urban area into zoning within which only certain land uses are permitted
Block busting
a practice by real estate agents who would stir up concern that Black families would soon move into a neighborhood; the agents would convince White property owners to sell their houses at below-market prices
Brown Field
Abandoned and polluted industrial site in a central city or suburb
De Facto Segregation
segregation that results from residential settlement patterns rather than from prejudicial laws
Ecological footprint
impact of a person or
community on the environment, expressed as
the amount of land required to sustain the use
of natural resources
Eminent domain
a government’s right to take
over privately owned property for public use
or interest
Environmental injustice
the ways in which
communities of color and poor people are
more likely to be exposed to environmental
burdens such as air pollution or contaminated
water; also called environmental racism
New urbanism
a school of thought that
promotes designing growth to limit the
amount of urban sprawl and preserve nature
and usable farmland
redlining
practice by which a financial
institution such as a bank refuses to offer
home loans on the basis of a neighborhood’s
racial or ethnic makeup
Regional planning
planning conducted at
a regional scale that seeks to coordinate
the development of housing, transportation,
urban infrastructure, and economic activities
Slow-growth city
city where planners have
used smart-growth policies to decrease the
rate at which the city grows outward
Smart-growth policy
policy implemented
to create sustainable communities by
placing development in convenient locations
and designing it to be more efficient and
environmentally responsible
traditional zoning
zoning that creates
separate zones based on land-use type or
economic function such as various categories
of residential (low-, medium-, or high-density),
commercial, or industrial
transportation-oriented development
the creation of dense, walkable, pedestrian oriented, mixed-use communities centered
around or located near a transit station
Urban growth boundary
a boundary that
separates urban land uses from rural land
uses by limiting how far a city can expand
Urban renewal
the nationwide movement
that developed in the 1950s and 1960s
when U.S. cities were given massive federal
grants to tear down and clear out crumbling
neighborhoods and former industrial zones
as a means of rebuilding their downtowns
Walk ability
a measure of how safe,
convenient, and efficient it is to walk in an
urban environment
Zone of abandonment
area that has been largely deserted due to lack of jobs, declines in land value, and falling demand
Filtering
the process of neighborhood change
in which housing vacated by more affluent
groups passes down the income scale to
lower-income groups
Greenbelt
a ring of parkland, agricultural land,
or other type of open space maintained around
an urban area to limit spraw
Land tenure
the legal rights, as defined
by a society, associated with owning land
