Unit 3 Vocab Flashcards
acculturation
the process by which people within one culture adopt some of the traits of another while still retaining their own distinct culture
assimilation
a category of acculturation in which the interaction of two cultures results in one culture adopting almost all of the customs, traditions, language, and other cultural traits of the other
centrifugal force
a force that divides a group
of people
centripetal force
a force that unites a group
of people
collectivist culture
a culture in which
people are expected to conform to collective
responsibility within the family and to be
obedient and respectful of elder family
members
contagious diffusion
the process by which
an idea or cultural trait spreads rapidly among
people of all social classes and levels of
power
creolization
the blending of two or more
languages that may not include the features of
either original language
cultural appropriation
the act of adopting
elements of another culture
cultural convergence
the process by
which cultures become more similar through
interaction
cultural divergence
the process by which
cultures become less similar due to conflicting
beliefs or other barriers
cultural hearth
an area where cultural traits
develop and from which cultural traits diffuse
cultural landscape
a natural landscape that
has been modified by humans, reflecting their
cultural beliefs and values
cultural norm
a shared standard or pattern
that guides the behavior of a group of people
cultural relativism
the evaluation of a culture
by its own standards
cultural trait
a shared object or cultural
practice
culture
the beliefs, values, practices,
behaviors, and technologies shared by a
society and passed down from generation to
generation
denomination
a separate church organization
that unites a number of local congregations
dialect
a variation of a standard language
specific to a general area, with differences in
pronunciation, degree of rapidity in speech,
word choice, and spelling
diffusion
the process by which a cultural trait
spreads from one place to another over time
ethnic neighborhood
a cultural landscape
within a community of people outside of their area of origin
ethnic religion
a religion that is closely tied
with a particular ethnic group often living in a
particular place
ethnicity
the state belonging to a group
of people who share common cultural
characteristics
ethnocentrism
the tendency of ethnic
groups to evaluate other groups according to
preconceived ideas originating from their own
culture
expansion diffusion
the spread of a cultural
trait outward from where it originated
gender identity
an individual’s innermost
concept of self as male, female, a blend of
both, or neither
gendered space
a space designed and
deliberately incorporated into the landscape
to accommodate gender roles
gentrification
the renovations and
improvements conforming to middle-class
preferences
hierarchical diffusion
the spread of an idea or trait from a person or place of power or authority to other people or places
identity
the ways in which humans make
sense of themselves and how they wish to be viewed by others
isolate
a language that is unrelated to any
other known language
language
a distinct system of
communication that is the carrier of human
thoughts and cultural identities
language branch
a collection of languages
within a language family that share a common
origin and separated from other branches in
the same family several thousand years ago
language family
a group of languages that share a common ancestral language from a particular hearth, or region of origin
language group
languages within a language branch that share a common ancestor in the relatively recent past and have vocabularies with a high degree of overlap
lingua franca
common language used among speakers of different languages
multiculturalism
a situation in which different
cultures live together without assimilating
pilgrimage
a journey to a holy place for
spiritual reasons
placemaking
a community-driven process
in which people collaborate to create a place
where they can live, work, play, and learn
popular culture
the widespread behaviors,
beliefs, and practices of ordinary people in
society at a given point in time
postmodern architecture
a building style
that emerged as a reaction to “modern”
designs, and values diversity in design
religion
a system of spiritual beliefs that
helps form cultural perceptions, attitudes,
beliefs, and values
relocation diffusion
the spread of culture
traits through the movement of people
sect
a relatively small group that has
separated from an established religious
denomination
secularized
focused on worldly rather than
spiritual concerns
sense of place
the subjective feelings and
memories people associate with a geographic
location
stimulus diffusion
the process by which a cultural trait or idea spreads to another culture
or region but is modified to adapt to the new culture
syncretism
process of innovation combining
different cultural features into something new
traditional architecture
an established
building style of different cultures, religions,
and places
traditional culture
the long-established
behaviors, beliefs, and practices passed down from generation to generation
universalizing religion
a religion that tries
to appeal to all humans and is open to membership by everyone
