Unit 6- Topic 3 Flashcards
What is the promoter region?
a region of DNA upstream of a gene where relevant proteins bind to initiate transcription of that gene.
What process converts DNA to RNA?
Transcription
What process converts RNA into proteins?
Translation
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?
In the nucleus
Which strand is transcribed?
Only the template strand
Why are DNA strands complementary?
Because they have base pairings.
Why are DNA strands antiparallel?
Because they run in opposite directions.
What is the monomer and polymer for carbohydrates?
M- Monosaccharide
P- Polysaccharide
What is the monomer and polymer for proteins?
M- Amino Acid
P- Polypeptides
What is the monomer and polymer for lipids?
M- Fatty Acid or Glycerol
P- Lipid
What is the monomer and polymer for nucleic acids?
M- Nucleotide
P- Nucleic Acid
Transcription
the synthesis of RNA using information from DNA.
allows for the message of the DNA to be transcribed
What is the location of the nucleus during transcription?
Nucleus
What would happen if a cell was exposed to a drug that mutated the promoter region?
RNA polymerase would not be able to bond to the DNA & transcription would not be able to occur.
What would happen if something prevented the 5’ cap and poly-a-tail for eukaryotic RNA?
mRNA couldn’t leave the nucleus.
Would not be protected from dehydration and ribosomes couldn’t attach to the 5’ end because mRNA wouldn’t reach the cytoplasm.
Why do introns exist?
So there will be more genetic mutation in the DNA.
Reading frame
codons of mRNA must be read in the correct grouping during translation to synthesize the correct proteins.
RNA Splicing
sections of the pre-mRNA, called introns, are removed and then exons are joined together.
Alternative splicing
a single gene can code for more than one kind of polypeptide
5’ cap
the 5’ end of the pre-mRNA receives a modified guanine nucleotide “cap.”
Poly-A-tail
the 3’ end of the pre-mRNA recieves 50-250 adenine nucleotides.
Gene expression
the process by which DNA directs synthesis of proteins
mRNA
synthesized during transcription using a DNA template.
mRNA comes from the DNA (at the nucleus) to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
tRNA
transfers amino acids and attaches to mRNA via their anticodon, allow information to be translated into a peptide sequence.
rRNA
helps form ribosomes and links amino acids together.
