Unit 6- Topic 3

Question 1

What is the promoter region?

Answer 1

a region of DNA upstream of a gene where relevant proteins bind to initiate transcription of that gene.

Question 2

What process converts DNA to RNA?

Answer 2

Transcription

Question 3

What process converts RNA into proteins?

Answer 3

Translation

Question 4

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 4

In the nucleus

Question 5

Which strand is transcribed?

Answer 5

Only the template strand

Question 6

Why are DNA strands complementary?

Answer 6

Because they have base pairings.

Question 7

Why are DNA strands antiparallel?

Answer 7

Because they run in opposite directions.

Question 8

What is the monomer and polymer for carbohydrates?

Answer 8

M- Monosaccharide
P- Polysaccharide

Question 9

What is the monomer and polymer for proteins?

Answer 9

M- Amino Acid

P- Polypeptides

Question 10

What is the monomer and polymer for lipids?

Answer 10

M- Fatty Acid or Glycerol

P- Lipid

Question 11

What is the monomer and polymer for nucleic acids?

Answer 11

M- Nucleotide

P- Nucleic Acid

Question 12

Transcription

Answer 12

the synthesis of RNA using information from DNA.

allows for the message of the DNA to be transcribed

Question 13

What is the location of the nucleus during transcription?

Answer 13

Nucleus

Question 14

What would happen if a cell was exposed to a drug that mutated the promoter region?

Answer 14

RNA polymerase would not be able to bond to the DNA & transcription would not be able to occur.

Question 15

What would happen if something prevented the 5’ cap and poly-a-tail for eukaryotic RNA?

Answer 15

mRNA couldn’t leave the nucleus.

Would not be protected from dehydration and ribosomes couldn’t attach to the 5’ end because mRNA wouldn’t reach the cytoplasm.

Question 16

Why do introns exist?

Answer 16

So there will be more genetic mutation in the DNA.

Question 17

Reading frame

Answer 17

codons of mRNA must be read in the correct grouping during translation to synthesize the correct proteins.

Question 18

RNA Splicing

Answer 18

sections of the pre-mRNA, called introns, are removed and then exons are joined together.

Question 19

Alternative splicing

Answer 19

a single gene can code for more than one kind of polypeptide

Question 20

5’ cap

Answer 20

the 5’ end of the pre-mRNA receives a modified guanine nucleotide “cap.”

Question 21

Poly-A-tail

Answer 21

the 3’ end of the pre-mRNA recieves 50-250 adenine nucleotides.

Question 22

Gene expression

Answer 22

the process by which DNA directs synthesis of proteins

Question 23

mRNA

Answer 23

synthesized during transcription using a DNA template.

mRNA comes from the DNA (at the nucleus) to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Question 24

tRNA

Answer 24

transfers amino acids and attaches to mRNA via their anticodon, allow information to be translated into a peptide sequence.

Question 25

rRNA

Answer 25

helps form ribosomes and links amino acids together.