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AP Bio > Unit 6- Topic 1 > Flashcards

Unit 6- Topic 1 Flashcards

DNA and RNA structure

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type of structure do Purines have?

A

A double ring structure (A, G)

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2
Q

What type of structure do Pyrimidines have?

A

A single ring structure (C, U, T)

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3
Q

What is the backbone of DNA composed of?

A

Sugar Phosphates

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4
Q

What is the center of DNA composed of?

A

Nucleotide pairings

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5
Q

How do hydrogen bonds aid in DNA replication?

A

They allow for the DNA strands to be easily separated during the replication process

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6
Q

What functional group defines the 5’ end of DNA?

A

Free phosphate group

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7
Q

What functional group defines the 3’ end of DNA?

A

Free hydroxyl group

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8
Q

How many hydrogen bonds do A & T have?

A

2

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9
Q

How many hydrogen bonds do C & G have?

A

3

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10
Q

What are plasmids?

A

Small, circular DNA molecules that are separate from the chromosomes

contains genes that may be useful but may not be required for survival

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11
Q

In eukaryotes, where is DNA located, and what is it’s structure?

A

-DNA found in nucleus
-Linear Chromosomes

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12
Q

In prokaryotes, where is DNA located, and what is it’s structure?

A

-DNA is in nucleiod
-Circular Chromosomes

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13
Q

Is DNA + or - charged?
How can you tell?

A

Negatively charged.
The phosphate backbone of DNA is - charged due to the presence of bonds created between the phosphorus and oxygen atoms.

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14
Q

How do plasmids replicate?

A

Independently from chromosomal DNA

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15
Q

What did Chargaff discover?

A

The amount of A:T is equal, as is the amount of C:G

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16
Q

What did Franklin discover?

A

Helix shape

17
Q

What did Watson and Crick discover?

A

3D Double Helix Model

18
Q

What are the 3 differences between RNA and DNA?

A
  1. the bases (T vs U)
  2. double vs single stranded
  3. type of acid
19
Q

What type of acid does DNA contain?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

20
Q

Recombinant plasmid DNA helps with what?

A

The survival of prokaryotes

21
Q

How is recombinant plasmid DNA created and then used?

A
  1. plasmids are removed from bacteria
  2. gene of interest is inserted into the plasmid
  3. finally, the recombinant plasmid DNA is inserted back into the DNA, and expressed.
22
Q

Where are antibiotic resistant genes located?

A

In the plasmids

23
Q

How are the antibiotic resistance genes being transmitted to non-resistant bacteria when cultured together?

A

Bacteria can exchange genes found on plasmids with neighboring bacteria.
Once DNA is changed, the bacteria can express the genes.

AP Bio (6 decks)

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