Unit 6- Thermodynamics Flashcards
Temperature
Measure of average kinetic energy of an object’s particles
Higher temperature = (faster, slower) moving particles
faster
Heat
flow of energy from a “warm” object to a cold one
Name the 3 temperature scales
Kelvin
Fahrenheit
Celsius
Boiling Points of Water in 3 Temperature Measurements
100 CELSIUS
212 FAHRENHEIT
373 KELVIN
FREEZING points of water in 3 different Temperature Measurements
0 CELSIUS
32 FAHRENHEIT
273 KELVIN
Fahrenheit to Celsius
C=(F-32)/1.8
Celsius to Fahrenheit
F=1.8(C)+32
Celsius to Kelvin
K=C+273
Kelvin to Celsius
C=K-273
Kinetic Theory
states that all matter is made of constantly moving particles that collide without losing energy
Thermal Energy
Total amount of energy in an object
Specific Heat
amount of energy needed to raise 1 unit of mass 1 degree in temperature
Conduction
transfer of heat by direct contact between particles
Convection
Transfer of heat through a fluid or gas with hotter molecules rising and cooler molecules sinking
Radiation
transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves
Thermal insulator
slows down heat transfer because of air pockets
Thermal conductor
easily allows transfer of heat
Heat of Fusion
the amount of thermal energy needed to change a substance from a solid to a liquid
Heat of Vaporization
amount of energy needed to change a liquid to a gas
Endothermic Phase Changes
energy is absorbed by the substance in from its surroundings: melting, boiling, vaporization, sublimation
Exothermic Phase Changes
Energy is released from the substance out to its surroundings: freezing, condensing, deposition
