Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP psychology > unit 6 psych vocab > Flashcards

unit 6 psych vocab Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

developmental psychology

A

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

zygote

A

the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

embryo

A

the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

fetus

A

the developing human organism from about 9 weeks after conception to birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

teratogens

A

literally monster makers, agents such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

rooting reflex

A

an automatic, unlearned response of a newborn to a gentle stimulus (like the touch of a finger) applied to the corner of the mouth, or to the cheek in which the infant turns their head and makes sucking motions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

habituation

A

decreasing responsiveness with repeated exposure to a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

maturation

A

biological growth processes that enable orderly change in behavior, relatively influenced by experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

schema(Piaget)

A

a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

assimilation(piaget)

A

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

accommodation (Piaget)

A

adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

temperament

A

a persons characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sensorimotor stage

A

in Piaget’s theory, the stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

object permanence

A

knowing objects still exist even though you can’t see it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

preoperational stage

A

in Piagets theory, the stage from about 2 to 6 or 7 yrs during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concretic logic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

conservation

A

the principal ( which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as ,ass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

egocentrism

A

in piagets theory the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

theory of mind (tom)

A

peoples ideas about their own and others mental states about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behaviors these might predict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

concrete operational stage

A

in Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (7 to 11) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

formal operational stage

A

in piagets theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning act age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

authoritarian

A

a strict style of parenting that places high expectations on children. ex demanding and not responsive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

authoritative

A

parenting style where there nurturing, responsive, and supportive yet set firm limits for their children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

permissive

A

a type of parenting style characterized by low demands with high responsiveness very loving but not a lot of limits placed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

secure attachment

A

demonstrated by infants who comfortably explore environments in the presence of their caregiver, show only temporary distress when caregiver leaves, and finds comfort in the caregiver’s return

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

insecure attachment

A

demonstrated by infants who display either a clinging, anxious attachment or an avoidant attachment that resists closeness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

imprinting

A

the process by which certain animals form strong attachments during early life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

self-concept

A

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves In answer to the question “who am I?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

cross-sectional study

A

research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time

29
Q

longitudinal study

A

research that follows and retests the same people overtime

30
Q

gender

A

the socially influenced characteristics by which people define boy, girl,man and woman

31
Q

gender role

A

a set of expected behaviors, attitudes, an traits for males or for females

32
Q

gender identity

A

our sense of being male, female or some combination of the two

33
Q

transgender

A

an umbrella term describing people whose gender identity or expression differs from that associated with their birth-designated sex

34
Q

relational aggression

A

an act of aggression (physical or verbal) intended to harm a person’s relationship or social standing

35
Q

social learning theory

A

the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished

36
Q

Mary Ainsworth

A

theory of attachment: children/infant need to develop a secure dependence on their parents before seeking unfamiliar situations,”strange situation” developmental psychologist

37
Q

Diana baumrind

A

theory on 3 parenting styles, critique on use of deception in psychological research

38
Q

Erik erikson

A

known for theory that each stage of life is associated w/a specific psychological struggle the struggle that contributes to a major aspect of personality, theory of psychosocial development-concept of identity crisis. basic trust, identity and intimacy

39
Q

carol giligan

A

known for her research into the moral development of girls and women

40
Q

harry harlow

A

known for monkey maternal seperation experiment showed the importance of nurture

41
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg

A

known for the theory of mora development preconventional, conventional, post conventional

42
Q

Konrad Lorenz

A

known for research of the principle of attachment, or imprinting, through which in some species a bond is formed between a newborn animal and its caregiver

43
Q

jean Piaget

A

swiss and genetic epistemologist, theory of cognitive development; how children develop intellectualy throughout the course of childhood, sensiromotor, concrete

44
Q

lev vygotsky

A

russian, known for sociocultural theory. believed that social interaction plays a critical role in children’s learning

45
Q

Down’s syndrome

A

a condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physician disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21

46
Q

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

A

a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors

47
Q

aspergers syndrome

A

developmental disorder; a form of autism spectrum disorder. differs from autism in one specific way; children with it may have less severe symptoms and no language delay. they may have advanced speech and language but poor pragmetic or socially appropriate language

48
Q

AIDS

A

(acquired immune deficiency syndrome) a life threatening, sexually transmitted infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AIDS deplets the immune system leaving the person vulnerable to infections.

49
Q

neurocognitive disorder

A

(NCDS) acquired (not life long) disorders marked by cognitive deficits; often related to Alzheimers, brain injury or disease, or substance abuse. in older adults, neurocognitive : disorders were formally called dementia

50
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age

51
Q

fluid intelligence

A

our ability to reason speedily and abstractly ; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood

52
Q

Alzheimers disease

A

a neurocognitive disorder marked by neural plaques, often with onset after age 80, and entailing a progressive decline in memory and other cognitive abilities

53
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

A

physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking. In severe cases, signs include a small, out-of-proportion head and abnormal facial features

54
Q

stranger anxiety

A

the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age

55
Q

basic trust

A

according to erik erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers

56
Q

menarche

A

first menstrual period

57
Q

identity

A

our sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent’s task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles

58
Q

intimacy

A

in erikson’s theory, the ability to form close loving relationships ; a primary developmental task in young adulthood

59
Q

menopause

A

the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines

60
Q

adolescence

A

the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence

61
Q

puberty

A

the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing

62
Q

primary sex characteristics

A

the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genetalia) that make sexual reproduction possible

63
Q

secondary sex characteristics

A

nonreproductive sexual traits, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair

64
Q

characteristics

A

a special quality or trait that makes a person, thing, or group different from others. physical/genetic characteristics

65
Q

critical period

A

an optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development

66
Q

social clock

A

the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood and retirement

67
Q

androgyny

A

displaying both traditional and masculine and feminine psychological characteristics

68
Q

intersex

A

a condition present at birth due to unusual combinations of male and female chromosomes, hormones and anatomy ; possessing biological sexual characteristics of both sexes

69
Q

emerging adulthood

A

a period from about age 18 to the mid-twenties, when many in western cultures are no longer adolescents but have not yet achieved full independence as adults

AP psychology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions