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AP psychology > ap psych unit 1 vocab > Flashcards

ap psych unit 1 vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

structuralism

A

a theory of consciousness that seeks to analyze the elements of mental experiences like sensations, mental images and feelings and how these elements combine to form more complex experiences.

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2
Q

functionalism

A

a psychological philosophy that describes the mind as a functional tool that allows us to adapt to our environments.

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3
Q

Basic research

A

theory-driven, hypothesis-testing science driven by a quest for fundamental understanding.

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4
Q

applied research

A

a scientific study within the field of psychology the focuses on solving problems, curing illnesses, and innovating new technologies

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5
Q

clinical psychology

A

asses and treat mental, emotional and behavioral disorders

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6
Q

psychiatry

A

branch of medicine focused on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental, emotional + behavioral disorders.

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7
Q

behavioral psychology

A

theory that suggests environment shapes human behavior

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8
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

the study of behavior, thought and feeling as viewed through the lens of evolutionary biology.

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9
Q

gestalt psychology

A

type of psychology that studies whole, intact segments of behavior and cognitive experience

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10
Q

developmental psychology

A

the study of human growth and change across a lifespan.

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11
Q

cognitive psychology

A

the study of mental processes, such as occur when we perceive, learn, remember, think, communicate and solve problems.

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12
Q

humanistic psychology

A

a historically significant perspective that emphasized human growth potential

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13
Q

psychodynamic psychology

A

a branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders.

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14
Q

sociocultural psychology

A

the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking.

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15
Q

biological psychology

A

the scientific study of the links between biological and psychological processes.

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16
Q

theory

A

an explanation using an integrated set of principals that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events.

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17
Q

hypothesis

A

a testable predictions, often implied by a theory

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18
Q

operational definition

A

a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study, for example human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures.

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19
Q

replication

A

repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic findings can be reproduced.

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20
Q

case study

A

a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.

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21
Q

survey

A

a descriptive technique for obtaining the self reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative random sample of the group.

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22
Q

longitudinal

A

research that follows and retests the same people overtime.

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23
Q

cross sectional

A

research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time.

24
Q

population

A

all those in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn.

25
Q

random sample

A

a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

26
Q

naturalistic observation

A

a descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation.

27
Q

correlation coefficient

A

a statistical index of the relationship between two things

28
Q

scatterplot

A

a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the value of two variables. the slope of the points suggest the direction of the relationship between the two variables. the amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation

29
Q

illusory correlation

A

perceiving a relationship where none exists, or perceiving a stronger-than-actual relationship

30
Q

experiment

A

a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process. by random assignment of participants, the experimenter aims to control other relevant factors.

31
Q

double blind procedure

A

both research participants and research staff don’t know about what the placebo or treatment is.

32
Q

placebo affect

A

results caused by expectations alone.

33
Q

random assignment

A

assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between the different groups.

34
Q

independent variable

A

in an experiment, the factor that is manipulated; the variable whose affect is being studied

35
Q

dependent variable

A

the outcome that is measured; the variable that may change when the independent variable is manipulated.

36
Q

mode

A

the most frequently occurring scores in a distribution

37
Q

mean

A

add all answers and divided basically average

38
Q

median

A

the middle score in a distribution

39
Q

range

A

difference between highest and lowest scores

40
Q

standard deviation

A

a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

41
Q

statistical significance

A

a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance

42
Q

p-value

A

the probability under the assumption of no effect or no difference, of obtaining a result equal to or more extreme than what was actually observed

43
Q

control group

A

in an experiment , the group not exposed to the treatment contrast w experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment

44
Q

experimental group

A

in an experiment, the group exposed to the treatment that is to one version of the independent variable

45
Q

correlation research

A

a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other

46
Q

normal distribution

A

a symmetrical, bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean and fewer and fewer near extremes

47
Q

skewed distribution

A

a representation of scores that lack symmetry around the average value

48
Q

representative sample

A

estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes, may lead us to ignore other relevant info

49
Q

sampling bias

A

flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample

50
Q

inferential statistics

A

numerical data that allows one to generalize or to infer from sample data the probability of something being true of a population

51
Q

descriptive statistics

A

numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of groups. Includes measure of central tendency and measure of variation

52
Q

reliability

A

the extend to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting

53
Q

validity

A

the extent to which a test or experiment measures or predicts what it is supposed to

54
Q

confounding variables

A

a factor other than the factor being studied that might influence the studies results

55
Q

experimenter bias

A

a process where the scientists performing the research influence the results, in order to portray a certain outcome

56
Q

Mary w calkins

A

established the first psychology laboratory at a American women’s college and first APA

57
Q

Charles Darwin

A

known for the architect

AP psychology (2 decks)

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