unit 6 part 2 exam

Question 1

Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space?

Select one:

a. Pancreas
b. Spleen
c. Gallbladder
d. Liver

Answer 1

a. pancreas

Question 2

Urticaria is the medical term for:

Select one:

a. swelling
b. a wheal.
c. burning
d. hives

Answer 2

d. hives

Question 3

In an apparent suicide attempt, a 19-year-old female ingested a full bottle of amitriptyline (Elavil). At present, she is conscious and alert and states that she swallowed the pills approximately 30 minutes earlier. Her blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg, her pulse is 140 beats/min and irregular, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. When transporting this patient, you should be MOST alert for:

Select one:

a. seizures and cardiac arrhythmias
b. an increase in her blood pressure
c. acute respiratory depression
d. a sudden outburst of violence

Answer 3

a. seizures and cardiac arrythmias

Question 4

Peritonitis may result in shock because:

Select one:

a. severe pain causes systemic dilation of the vasculature.
b. abdominal distention impairs cardiac contractions.
c. fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissues
d. intra-abdominal hemorrhage is typically present.

Answer 4

c. fluid shifts from the blood stream into body tissues

Question 5

You are attending to a 32-year-old male patient. The patient’s wife tells you that he returned from Afghanistan last year. While he initially seemed fine, lately he has become withdrawn and distanced himself from his family and friends. He does not talk about it, but she knows that he has been having terrible nightmares that wake him up. The most appropriate question to ask regarding his experience in Afghanistan is:

Select one:

a. Can you tell me about your experience?
b. Were you shot at or under fire?
c. Were you in combat?
d. Have you ever been diagnosed with PTSD?

Answer 5

b. Were you shot at or under fire?

Question 6

A 66-year-old woman experienced a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She has a history of type 2 diabetes and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). On the basis of her medical history, which of the following should the EMT suspect?

Select one:

a. Diabetic ketoacidosis
b. Pulmonary embolism
c. Severe hypoglycemia
d. Congestive heart failure

Answer 6

b. pulmonary embolism

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct?

Select one:

a. Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness.
b. The purpose of dialysis is to help the kidneys retain salt and water.
c. Hemodialysis is effective but carries a high risk of peritonitis.
d. Acute hypertension is a common adverse effect of dialysis.

Answer 7

a. Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness.

Question 8

Which of the following conditions is the diabetic patient at an increased risk of developing?

Select one:

a. Hepatitis B
b. Alcoholism
c. Blindness
d. Depression

Answer 8

c. blindness

Question 9

A 29-year-old pregnant woman has had severe vomiting for the last 2 days. Today, she is vomiting large amounts of blood. Her skin is cool and pale and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:

Select one:

a. esophagitis
b. esophageal varices.
c. Mallory–Weiss tear
d. acute pancreatitis

Answer 9

c. Mallory-Weiss tear

Question 10

The physical examination of a sexual assault victim should be:

Select one:

a. as detailed as possible so all injuries can be documented
b. deferred until the patient can be evaluated by a physician
c. limited to a brief survey for life-threatening injuries
d. performed in the presence of at least two police officers

Answer 10

c. limited to a brief survey for life-threatening injuries

Question 11

Excessive eating caused by cellular “hunger” is called:

Select one:

a. dysphasia
b. dyspepsia
c. polyphagia
d. polydipsia

Answer 11

c. polyphagia

Question 12

In anticipation of receiving a fertilized ovum, the lining of the uterine wall:

Select one:

a. becomes engorged with blood
b. diverts blood flow to the vagina
c. sheds and is expelled externally
d. thins and begins to separate

Answer 12

a. becomes engorged with blood

Question 13

As you enter the residence of a patient who has possibly overdosed, you should:

Select one:

a. quickly gain access to the patient.
b. look for drug paraphernalia.
c. observe the scene for drug bottles.
d. be alert for personal hazards.

Answer 13

d. be alert for personal hazards.

Question 14

A 38-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia is reported by neighbors to be screaming and throwing things in his house. You are familiar with the patient and have cared for him in the past for unrelated problems. Law enforcement officers escort you into the residence when you arrive. The patient tells you that he sees vampires and is attempting to ward them off by screaming and throwing things at them. He has several large lacerations to his forearms that are actively bleeding. The MOST appropriate way to manage this situation is to:

Select one:

a. approach the patient and calm him by placing your hand on his shoulder
b. request that the police officers arrest him and take him to the hospital
c. try to gain the patient’s trust by telling him that you see the vampires too
d. restrain the patient with appropriate force in order to treat his injuries

Answer 14

d. restrain the patient with appropriate force in order to treat his injuries

Question 15

You and your paramedic partner are caring for a patient who ingested codeine, acetaminophen (Tylenol), and hydrocodone (Vicodin). The patient is unresponsive, his breathing is slow and shallow, and his pulse is slow and weak. Treatment for this patient should include:

Select one:

a. high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.
b. assisted ventilation and flumazenil (Romazicon).
c. assisted ventilation and naloxone (Narcan).
d. oxygen via a nasal cannula and atropine sulfate.

Answer 15

c. assisted ventilation and naloxone (Narcan).

Question 16

A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours’ duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to:

Select one:

a. be alert for signs and symptoms of shock.
b. transport him in a supine position.
c. assess his blood pressure to determine perfusion adequacy.
d. determine the exact location and cause of his pain.

Answer 16

a. be alert for signs and symptoms of shock.

Question 17

Symptomatic hypoglycemia will MOST likely develop if a patient:

Select one:

a. markedly overeats and misses an insulin dose.
b. misses one or two prescribed insulin injections.
c. takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin.
d. eats a regular meal followed by mild exertion.

Answer 17

c. takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin injections.

Question 18

You are assessing a 45-year-old female who is severely depressed. She states that it seems as though her entire world is crashing down around her. She further states that she has had frequent thoughts of suicide, but is not sure if she can actually go through with it. How should you manage this situation?

Select one:

a. Have law enforcement place her in protective custody
b. Encourage the patient to remain quiet during transport
c. Leave the scene and have a neighbor check in on her
d. Ask the patient if she has developed a suicidal plan

Answer 18

d. ask the patient if she has developed a suicidal plan

Question 19

Which of the following sounds indicates swelling of the upper airway?

Select one:

a. Wheezing
b. Stridor
c. Rales
d. Rhonchi

Answer 19

b. stridor

Question 20

A 37-year-old male is having a severe allergic reaction to penicillin. He does not have an epinephrine auto-injector and your protocols do not allow you to carry epinephrine on the ambulance. How should you proceed with the treatment of this patient?

Select one:

a. Remain at the scene with the patient and request a paramedic ambulance
b. Ask the patient if he has any diphenhydramine tablets that you can administer
c. Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept
d. Quickly determine if there are any bystanders who may carry epinephrine

Answer 20

c. administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept

Question 21

Which of the following statements regarding the Salmonella bacterium is correct?

Select one:

a. The Salmonella bacterium produces toxins that cause food poisoning.
b. Symptoms of salmonellosis appear within 12 hours.
c. Refrigeration of food will prevent salmonellosis.
d. The Salmonella bacterium itself causes food poisoning.

Answer 21

d. The Salmonella bacterium itself causes food poisoning.

Question 22

A 49-year-old male presents with confusion, sweating, and visual hallucinations. The patient’s wife tells you that he is a heavy drinker and she thinks he had a seizure shortly before your arrival. This patient is MOST likely experiencing:

Select one:

a. alcohol intoxication
b. acute schizophrenia
c. delirium tremens
d. acute hypovolemia

Answer 22

c. delirium tremens

Question 23

The normal blood glucose level is between:

Select one:

a. 60 and 80 mg/dL.
b. 160 and 200 mg/dL.
c. 80 and 120 mg/dL
d. 30 and 150 mg/dL.

Answer 23

c. 80 and 120 mg/dL

Question 24

Proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

Select one:

a. assessing the patient’s mental status.
b. checking the medication’s expiration date.
c. requesting permission from medical control.
d. ensuring the absence of a gag reflex.

Answer 24

d. ensuring the absence of a gag reflex.

Question 25

Which of the following sets of vital signs would the EMT MOST likely encounter in a patient with acute cocaine overdose?

Select one:

a. BP, 180/100 mm Hg; pulse, 50 beats/min
b. BP, 200/100 mm Hg; pulse, 150 beats/min
c. BP, 190/90 mm Hg; pulse, 40 beats/min
d. BP, 60/40 mm Hg; pulse, 140 beats/min

Answer 25

b. BP, 200/100 mm Hg; pulse, 150 beats/min

Question 26

Which of the following drugs is commonly referred to as “roofies”?

Select one:

a. Ketamine
b. MDMA
c. GHB
d. Rohypnol

Answer 26

d. Rohypnol

Question 27

The effects of epinephrine are typically observed within _________ following administration.

Select one:

a. 1 hour
b. 1 minute
c. 30 minutes
d. 30 seconds

Answer 27

b. 1 minute

Question 28

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely lead to pelvic inflammatory disease if left untreated?

Select one:

a. Ovarian cysts
b. Genital herpes
c. Ectopic pregnancy
d. Chlamydia

Answer 28

d. Chlamydia

Question 29

You receive a call to a residence where a man found his wife unresponsive on the couch. The patient’s respiratory rate is 8 breaths/min, her breathing is shallow, her heart rate is 40 beats/min, and her pulse is weak. The husband hands you an empty bottle of hydrocodone (Vicodin), which was refilled the day before. You should:

Select one:

a. contact the poison control center.
b. ventilate her with a BVM.
c. perform a rapid head-to-toe exam
d. apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask

Answer 29

b. ventilate her with a BVM.

Question 30

A young female presents with costovertebral angle tenderness. She is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Which of the following organs is MOST likely causing her pain?

Select one:

a. Liver
b. Gallbladder
c. Kidney
d. Pancreas

Answer 30

c. kidney

Question 31

An overdose of acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, will MOST likely cause:

Select one:

a. gastric ulcers
b. CNS depression
c. liver failure
d. kidney failure

Answer 31

c. liver failure

Question 32

Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to:

Select one:

a. lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen.
b. lie in a supine position with their knees in a flexed position.
c. sit in a semi-Fowler position with their knees slightly bent.
d. sit fully upright because it helps relax the abdominal muscles.

Answer 32

a. lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen.

Question 33

An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to:

Select one:

a. provide emotional support en route to the hospital.
b. administer analgesic medications to alleviate pain
c. encourage the patient to remain in a supine position
d. give 100% oxygen only if signs of shock are present

Answer 33

a. provide emotional supporrt en route to the hospital

Question 34

You are attending to a 27-year-old patient with a history of depression. The patient’s family tells you that she has been openly talking about harming herself and suicide, and they got scared when she tried to overdose on some medications. The patient did not take the pills and is alert and oriented. Despite all of your best efforts to convince her, the patient refuses to go to hospital for treatment. Based on this information, you should:

Select one:

a. stay with the patient while you arrange for other transport options as a potentially life-threatening emergency exists.
b. ensure that the patient is competent and completes the required documentation, and leave her in the care of her family.
c. restrain the patient and transport her to the hospital as she represents a threat to her safety.
d. call for the police to attend the scene and, once they arrive, release responsibility for patient transport to them

Answer 34

a. stay with the patient while you arrange for other transport options as a potentially life-threatening emergency exists.

Question 35

Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct?

Select one:

a. In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less able to carry oxygen.
b. The red blood cells of patients with sickle cell disease are round and contain hemoglobin.
c. Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder that causes the blood to clot too quickly.
d. Because of their abnormal shape, red blood cells in patients with sickle cell disease are less apt to lodge in a blood vessel.

Answer 35

a. In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less able to carry oxygen.

Question 36

A 59-year-old male presents with sudden-onset severe lower back pain. He is conscious and alert, but very restless and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus. You should:

Select one:

a. request a paramedic unit to give the patient pain medication.
b. administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport.
c. place the patient in a sitting position and transport at once.
d. vigorously palpate the abdomen to establish pain severity.

Answer 36

b. administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport.

Question 37

Which of the following medications blocks the release of histamines?

Select one:

a. Albuterol (Ventolin)
b. Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
c. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
d. Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Answer 37

c. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Question 38

The stinger from a honeybee should be:

Select one:

a. left in place and covered.
b. scraped away from the skin
c. squeezed with tweezers and removed
d. irrigated with copious amounts of water

Answer 38

b. scraped away from the skin

Question 39

A 26-year-old female presents with heavy vaginal bleeding. She is conscious, but restless. Her blood pressure is 84/54 mm Hg, her pulse is 120 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. She tells you that she inserted a tampon about 2 hours ago. You should:

Select one:

a. administer high-flow oxygen, place a sterile pad over her vagina, keep her warm, elevate her lower extremities, and transport without delay.
b. administer high-flow oxygen, perform a detailed assessment of her vaginal area for signs of trauma, place her on her side, and transport.
c. administer high-flow oxygen, ask her to remove the tampon, perform a detailed secondary assessment, and transport promptly.
d. assist her ventilations with a bag-valve mask, place one sterile dressing into her vagina, perform a rapid secondary assessment, and transport.

Answer 39

a. administer high-flow oxygen, place a sterile pad over her vagina, keep her warm, elevate her lower extremities, and transport without delay.

Question 40

When caring for a known alcoholic patient with severe trauma to the chest and abdomen, you should be concerned that:

Select one:

a. signs and symptoms of shock may be masked by the stimulant effects produced by alcohol.
b. internal bleeding may be profuse because prolonged alcohol use may impair the blood’s ability to clot.
c. long bone fractures are likely because chronic alcohol consumption weakens the structure of the bones.
d. delirium tremens (DTs) are commonly induced by physical trauma and can lead to life-threatening seizures.

Answer 40

b. internal bleeding may be profuse because prolonged alcohol use may impair the blood’s ability to clot.

Question 41

You are treating a 40-year-old male with a documented blood sugar reading of 480 mg/dL. The patient is semiconscious and breathing shallowly, and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. You should recognize that definitive treatment for this patient includes:

Select one:

a. glucagon
b. oxygen
c. insulin
d. dextrose

Answer 41

c. insulin

Question 42

A man finds his 59-year-old wife unconscious on the couch. He states that she takes medications for type 2 diabetes. He further tells you that his wife has been ill recently and has not eaten for the past 24 hours. Your assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive. You should:

Select one:

a. assess for the presence of a medical identification tag.
b. open and maintain her airway and assess breathing.
c. administer oral glucose between her cheek and gum
d. administer 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.

Answer 42

b. open and maintain her airway and assess breathing.

Question 43

A 40-year-old male intentionally cut his wrist out of anger after losing his job. Law enforcement has secured the scene prior to your arrival. As you enter the residence and visualize the patient, you can see that he has a towel around his wrist and a moderate amount of blood has soaked through it. You should:

Select one:

a. tell the patient that you want to help
b. quickly tend to the bleeding wound
c. calmly identify yourself to the patient
d. approach the patient with caution

Answer 43

c. calmly identify yourself to the patient

Question 44

During your assessment of a 19-year-old male, you are told that he is being treated with factor VIII. This indicates that:

Select one:

a. he has a thrombosis.
b. he has hemophilia A.
c. his blood clots too quickly.
d. he has thrombophilia.

Answer 44

b. he has hemophilia A

Question 45

When assessing a patient with abdominal pain, you should:

Select one:

a. observe for abdominal guarding, which is characterized by sudden relaxation of the abdominal muscles when palpated.
b. palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction, beginning with the quadrant after the one the patient indicates is painful.
c. visually assess the painful area of the abdomen, but avoid palpation because this could worsen his or her condition.
d. ask the patient to point to the area of pain or tenderness and assess for rebound tenderness over that specific area

Answer 45

b. palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction, beginning with the quadrant after the one the patient indicates is painful.

Question 46

Which of the following would MOST likely provide clues regarding the source of a patient’s allergic reaction?

Select one:

a. The patient’s family history
b. The patient’s general physical appearance
c. The time of year in which the exposure occurred
d. The environment in which the patient is found

Answer 46

d. The environment in which the patient is found

Question 47

The adult epinephrine auto-injector delivers ______ mg of epinephrine, and the infant-child auto-injector delivers ______ mg.

Select one:

a. 0.03; 0.3
b. 0.01; 0.1
c. 0.1; 0.01
d. 0.3; 0.15

Answer 47

d. 0.3; 0.15

Question 48

Law enforcement personnel request your assistance to assess a 31-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient sitting on a curb outside her apartment. She is conscious, alert, and crying. When you ask her what happened, she tells you that she does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. She further tells you that all she wants to do is clean up. You should:

Select one:

a. provide emotional support and visually assess her for obvious trauma
b. advise her that she cannot clean herself up because this will destroy evidence
c. ask her if there is anyone you can contact, such as a friend or relative
d. perform a limited hands-on assessment to detect life-threatening injuries

Answer 48

a. provide emotional support and visually assess her for obvious trauma

Question 49

You receive a call for a domestic dispute. When you arrive at the scene, you find a young male standing on the front porch of his house. You notice that an adjacent window is broken. The patient has a large body, is clenching his fists, and is yelling obscenities at you. Which of the following findings is LEAST predictive of this patient’s potential for violence?

Select one:

a. His large body size
b. The broken window
c. His clenched fists
d. His shouting of obscenities

Answer 49

a. His large body size

Question 50

A 19-year-old female was stung multiple times on the legs by fire ants. She states that she is allergic to fire ants, but does not carry her own epinephrine. The patient is conscious and alert and complains of pain to the area of the bites. Her blood pressure is 122/70 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and strong, and her respirations are 18 breaths/min and unlabored. You should:

Select one:

a. request a paramedic unit to administer epinephrine.
b. advise her to see her physician as soon as possible.
c. administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital.
d. position her legs well above the level of her heart.

Answer 50

c. administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital.