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Earth Science > Unit 6 - Meteorology > Flashcards

Unit 6 - Meteorology Flashcards

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1
Q

The _____ and the _____ provide evidence of Earth’s rotation.

A

Foucault pendulum and the Coriolis effect

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2
Q

The _____ is found in the stratosphere layer of the atmosphere and absorbs harmful UV rays (acts like a sunscreen for Earth)

A

ozone layer

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3
Q

As altitude increases, the amount of water vapor _____

A

decreases (On esrt)

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4
Q

The greatest amount of water vapor is in the _____

A

Troposphere (On esrt)

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5
Q

The greatest atmospheric pressure occurs in the ______

A

Troposphere (On ESRT)

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6
Q

The jet stream is in the ______

A

upper Troposphere

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7
Q

Nearly all of the energy for circulating the atmosphere and oceans is supplied by ______

A

the Sun

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8
Q

As insolation strikes the atmosphere, a small percentage is _____

A

directly absorbed (especially by gases such as ozone, carbon dioxide, and water vapor)

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9
Q

As insolation strikes the atmosphere, Earth’s surface…

A

absorbs some energy and gets warm

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10
Q

As insolation strikes the Earth’s atmosphere, clouds and Earth’s surface…

A

reflect some energy back to space

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11
Q

Average temperatures on Earth are the result of …

A

the total amount of insolation absorbed by Earth’s surface and its atmosphere.

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12
Q

Objects radiate the most amount of energy when their temperatures are _____.

A

high

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13
Q

Earth gives off _____

A

long-wave energy that is radiated back into space as heat.

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14
Q

_____ transfers energy by direct contact (molecules collide in a solid).

A

Conduction

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15
Q

_____ - heat transfers due to density differences (gases and liquids)

A

convection

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16
Q

_____- transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves.

A

Radiation

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17
Q

The portions of the sun’s electromagnetic energy that reaches the earth’s surface with the maximum intensity is _____.

A

visible light

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18
Q

Electromagnetic energy is categorized based on _____.

A

wavelength (on ESRT)

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19
Q

Hot air and liquids expand and …

A

rise because they are less dense

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20
Q

Energy moves from…

A

high to low

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21
Q

A _____ measures temperature.

A

thermometer

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22
Q

Changing from a liquid to a gas is _____

A

vaporization (or evaporation)

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23
Q

Changing from a solid to a liquid is _____.

A

melting

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24
Q

Changing from a gas to a liquid is _____.

A

condensation

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25
Q

Changing from a liquid to a solid is _____.

A

freezing

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26
Q

Each phase change requires a… These values can be found on the ESRT.

A

gain or release of energy

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27
Q

A _____ measures air pressure.

A

Barometer

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28
Q

_____ is caused by the weight of the air.

A

Air pressure or barometric pressure

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29
Q

As altitude increases, air pressure _____.

A

decreases

30
Q

As temperature increases, the density of air _____.

A

decreases

31
Q

As temperature increases, air pressure _____.

A

decreases

32
Q

As moisture content increases (humidity), air pressure _____.

A

decreases

33
Q

Air pressure is highest when it is _____.

A

cool and dry

34
Q

Air pressure is lowest when it is _____.

A

warm and wet

35
Q

As temperature increases, it can hold _____ moisture.

A

more

36
Q

_____ - when the air is holding the maximum amount of water it can hold.

A

saturation

37
Q

_____ - the percentage of the amount of moisture in the air compared to the maximum amount it can hold. (its a %).

A

Relative humidity

38
Q

_____- the temperature at which condensation occurs. (the air is saturated).

A

dewpoint temperature

39
Q

Air at 100% relative humidity is…

A

full of moisture (it’s saturated).

40
Q

A _____ can be used with the esrt to determine relative humidity and dewpoint.

A

sling psychrometer

41
Q

The closer the air temperature is to the dewpoint, the _____ the relative humidity.

A

higher

42
Q

If the air temperature and the dewpoint temperature are the same then the air is …

A

full of water and precipitation is likely

43
Q

The amount of precipitation can be measured with precipitation gauges such as a…

A

yardstick to measure the amount of snow or a rain gauge to measure the amount of rain

44
Q

When warm air rises, ….

A

it expands, cools, and condenses.

45
Q

In order for clouds to form, the air needs to be…

A

saturated and condensation nuclei must be available.

46
Q

Precipitation decreases _____ and increases _____.

A

decreases pollution and increases atmospheric transparency (cleans the air)

47
Q

The windward side of a mountain is…

A

cool and wet.(air rises, expands, and cools)

48
Q

The leeward side of a mountain is…

A

warm and dry.(air sinks, compresses, and warms).

49
Q

Winds blow from…

A

high pressure to low pressure.

50
Q

On a map, the more closely spaced isobars, the _____ the wind speed.

A

faster

51
Q

Winds are named for the direction they are _____.

A

coming from

52
Q

Wind speed is measured by an _____.

A

anemometer

53
Q

Wind direction is shown by a _____.

A

wind sock or a wind vane

54
Q

Low pressure systems are associated with _____ weather conditions.

A

rainy

55
Q

In high pressure systems, winds blow _____ and _____

A

outward and clockwise

56
Q

In low pressure systems winds blow _____ and _____

A

inward and counter-clockwise

57
Q

At the middle of a high pressure center air _____ and _____.

A

sinks and diverges

58
Q

At the middle of a low pressure center, air _____ and _____.

A

rises and converges

59
Q

The higher the specific heat the _____ it takes to heat up and cool down.

A

longer

60
Q

Water is weird! Water has the _____ of any substance on Earth.

A

highest specific heat

61
Q

The _____ of common materials can be found on the esrt.

A

specific heat

62
Q

_____ heats up quicker than _____ and the hot air above land rises.

A

Land heats up quicker than water

63
Q

During the day there is a _____ breeze.

A

sea breeze (small local winds blowing from the water)

64
Q

During the night there is a _____ breeze.

A

land breeze (small local winds blowing from land toward the water)

65
Q

Good absorbers of energy are…

A

also good radiators of energy

66
Q

Temperature differences in the atmosphere cause…

A

atmospheric circulation and global wind patterns

67
Q

Weather patterns in the U.S. move from the _____ to the _____.

A

west to the east (because we are located in the prevailing westerlies wind belt)

68
Q

Heating of Earth’s surface and atmosphere by the Sun drives ______.

A

convection ocean currents

69
Q

Ocean currents are caused by wind, and are deflected due to _____.

A

the Coriolis effect

70
Q

El Nino weather patterns cause _____ to move closer the the west coast of South America.

A

warm water

Earth Science (6 decks)

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