Unit 6 - Meteorology

Question 1

The _____ and the _____ provide evidence of Earth’s rotation.

Answer 1

Foucault pendulum and the Coriolis effect

Question 2

The _____ is found in the stratosphere layer of the atmosphere and absorbs harmful UV rays (acts like a sunscreen for Earth)

Answer 2

ozone layer

Question 3

As altitude increases, the amount of water vapor _____

Answer 3

decreases (On esrt)

Question 4

The greatest amount of water vapor is in the _____

Answer 4

Troposphere (On esrt)

Question 5

The greatest atmospheric pressure occurs in the ______

Answer 5

Troposphere (On ESRT)

Question 6

The jet stream is in the ______

Answer 6

upper Troposphere

Question 7

Nearly all of the energy for circulating the atmosphere and oceans is supplied by ______

Answer 7

the Sun

Question 8

As insolation strikes the atmosphere, a small percentage is _____

Answer 8

directly absorbed (especially by gases such as ozone, carbon dioxide, and water vapor)

Question 9

As insolation strikes the atmosphere, Earth’s surface…

Answer 9

absorbs some energy and gets warm

Question 10

As insolation strikes the Earth’s atmosphere, clouds and Earth’s surface…

Answer 10

reflect some energy back to space

Question 11

Average temperatures on Earth are the result of …

Answer 11

the total amount of insolation absorbed by Earth’s surface and its atmosphere.

Question 12

Objects radiate the most amount of energy when their temperatures are _____.

Answer 12

high

Question 13

Earth gives off _____

Answer 13

long-wave energy that is radiated back into space as heat.

Question 14

_____ transfers energy by direct contact (molecules collide in a solid).

Answer 14

Conduction

Question 15

_____ - heat transfers due to density differences (gases and liquids)

Answer 15

convection

Question 16

_____- transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves.

Answer 16

Radiation

Question 17

The portions of the sun’s electromagnetic energy that reaches the earth’s surface with the maximum intensity is _____.

Answer 17

visible light

Question 18

Electromagnetic energy is categorized based on _____.

Answer 18

wavelength (on ESRT)

Question 19

Hot air and liquids expand and …

Answer 19

rise because they are less dense

Question 20

Energy moves from…

Answer 20

high to low

Question 21

A _____ measures temperature.

Answer 21

thermometer

Question 22

Changing from a liquid to a gas is _____

Answer 22

vaporization (or evaporation)

Question 23

Changing from a solid to a liquid is _____.

Answer 23

melting

Question 24

Changing from a gas to a liquid is _____.

Answer 24

condensation

Question 25

Changing from a liquid to a solid is _____.

Answer 25

freezing

Question 26

Each phase change requires a... These values can be found on the ESRT.

Answer 26

gain or release of energy

Question 27

A _____ measures air pressure.

Answer 27

Barometer

Question 28

_____ is caused by the weight of the air.

Answer 28

Air pressure or barometric pressure

Question 29

As altitude increases, air pressure _____.

Answer 29

decreases

Question 30

As temperature increases, the density of air _____.

Answer 30

decreases

Question 31

As temperature increases, air pressure _____.

Answer 31

decreases

Question 32

As moisture content increases (humidity), air pressure _____.

Answer 32

decreases

Question 33

Air pressure is highest when it is _____.

Answer 33

cool and dry

Question 34

Air pressure is lowest when it is _____.

Answer 34

warm and wet

Question 35

As temperature increases, it can hold _____ moisture.

Answer 35

more

Question 36

_____ - when the air is holding the maximum amount of water it can hold.

Answer 36

saturation

Question 37

_____ - the percentage of the amount of moisture in the air compared to the maximum amount it can hold. (its a %).

Answer 37

Relative humidity

Question 38

_____- the temperature at which condensation occurs. (the air is saturated).

Answer 38

dewpoint temperature

Question 39

Air at 100% relative humidity is...

Answer 39

full of moisture (it's saturated).

Question 40

A _____ can be used with the esrt to determine relative humidity and dewpoint.

Answer 40

sling psychrometer

Question 41

The closer the air temperature is to the dewpoint, the _____ the relative humidity.

Answer 41

higher

Question 42

If the air temperature and the dewpoint temperature are the same then the air is ...

Answer 42

full of water and precipitation is likely

Question 43

The amount of precipitation can be measured with precipitation gauges such as a...

Answer 43

yardstick to measure the amount of snow or a rain gauge to measure the amount of rain

Question 44

When warm air rises, ....

Answer 44

it expands, cools, and condenses.

Question 45

In order for clouds to form, the air needs to be...

Answer 45

saturated and condensation nuclei must be available.

Question 46

Precipitation decreases _____ and increases _____.

Answer 46

decreases pollution and increases atmospheric transparency (cleans the air)

Question 47

The windward side of a mountain is...

Answer 47

cool and wet.(air rises, expands, and cools)

Question 48

The leeward side of a mountain is...

Answer 48

warm and dry.(air sinks, compresses, and warms).

Question 49

Winds blow from...

Answer 49

high pressure to low pressure.

Question 50

On a map, the more closely spaced isobars, the _____ the wind speed.

Answer 50

faster

Question 51

Winds are named for the direction they are _____.

Answer 51

coming from

Question 52

Wind speed is measured by an _____.

Answer 52

anemometer

Question 53

Wind direction is shown by a _____.

Answer 53

wind sock or a wind vane

Question 54

Low pressure systems are associated with _____ weather conditions.

Answer 54

rainy

Question 55

In high pressure systems, winds blow _____ and _____

Answer 55

outward and clockwise

Question 56

In low pressure systems winds blow _____ and _____

Answer 56

inward and counter-clockwise

Question 57

At the middle of a high pressure center air _____ and _____.

Answer 57

sinks and diverges

Question 58

At the middle of a low pressure center, air _____ and _____.

Answer 58

rises and converges

Question 59

The higher the specific heat the _____ it takes to heat up and cool down.

Answer 59

longer

Question 60

Water is weird! Water has the _____ of any substance on Earth.

Answer 60

highest specific heat

Question 61

The _____ of common materials can be found on the esrt.

Answer 61

specific heat

Question 62

_____ heats up quicker than _____ and the hot air above land rises.

Answer 62

Land heats up quicker than water

Question 63

During the day there is a _____ breeze.

Answer 63

sea breeze (small local winds blowing from the water)

Question 64

During the night there is a _____ breeze.

Answer 64

land breeze (small local winds blowing from land toward the water)

Question 65

Good absorbers of energy are...

Answer 65

also good radiators of energy

Question 66

Temperature differences in the atmosphere cause...

Answer 66

atmospheric circulation and global wind patterns

Question 67

Weather patterns in the U.S. move from the _____ to the _____.

Answer 67

west to the east (because we are located in the prevailing westerlies wind belt)

Question 68

Heating of Earth's surface and atmosphere by the Sun drives ______.

Answer 68

convection ocean currents

Question 69

Ocean currents are caused by wind, and are deflected due to _____.

Answer 69

the Coriolis effect

Question 70

El Nino weather patterns cause _____ to move closer the the west coast of South America.

Answer 70

warm water