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Earth Science > Unit 5 - Astronomy Part 2 (Solar System) > Flashcards

Unit 5 - Astronomy Part 2 (Solar System) Flashcards

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1
Q

Our solar system formed around _____ years ago from a giant cloud of gas and debris.

A

5 billion

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2
Q

Gravity caused the planets to become layered according to _____.

A

density

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3
Q

The Terrestrial planets have what characteristics?

A

small, rocky, dense, located near the Sun

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4
Q

The Jovian planets have what characteristics?.

A

large, gaseous, low density, located far away from the Sun

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5
Q

The planets that are _____ from the Sun have a longer period of revolution.

A

farthest (Jovian)

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6
Q

Impact craters can be identified in _____

A

Earth’s crust

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7
Q

Impact events have been correlated with _____.

A

mass extinctions and global climate change

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8
Q

People have observed _____ for thousands of years, using them to find direction, note the passage of time, and to express their values and traditions.

A

the stars

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9
Q

Stars get their energy from _____.

A

nuclear fusion

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10
Q

Stars form when gravity causes clouds of molecules to contract until _____

A

light elements combine into heavier elements (this is fusion)

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11
Q

_____ releases great amounts of energy over millions of years.

A

Fusion

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12
Q

Stars differ from each other in _____

A

size, temperature, and age (on the ESRT)

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13
Q

Most stars spend a majority of their life as…

A

average main sequence star

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14
Q

Our Sun is located within a spiral galaxy of stars known as the _____.

A

Milky Way

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15
Q

Our Sun will eventually swell up to be a _____ then shrink down into a _____

A

a Red Giant then shrink down into a White Dwarf

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16
Q

The Earth is orbited by _____

A

one moon and many artificial satellites

17
Q

The _____ on Earth responds to the gravitational attraction of the moon and the Sun.

A

thin layer of water

18
Q

There are ___ high tides and ___ low tides per day.

A

2 high tides and 2 low tides per day (12.5 hours apart) - a cyclic pattern

19
Q

The moon has a greater effect on the tides than the Sun because it _____

A

is closer than the Sun.

20
Q

_____ tides have higher high tides and lower low tides because the Sun and moon are in a straight line and the combined pull on the water is greater.

A

Spring

21
Q

_____ tides have lower high tides and higher low tides because the Sun and the Moon are not lined up and they are pulling the water in opposite directions.

A

Neap

22
Q

Spring tides occur only when the moon is at _____ moon and _____ moon phases.

A

full moon and new moon phases

23
Q

Neap tides occur only when the moon is at _____ and _____ moon phases.

A

First Quarter and Last Quarter moon phases

24
Q

The moon has phases because it _____.

A

revolves around the Earth

25
Q

A _____ is when the sunlight is blocked out and we cannot see the Sun from Earth.

A

solar eclipse

26
Q

A _____ is when the moon cannot be seen.

A

lunar eclipse

27
Q

A solar eclipse can only occur if the moon is at a ______ moon phase.

A

new moon phase and is lined up perfectly.

28
Q

A lunar eclipse can only occur if the moon is at a ______ moon phase.

A

full moon phase and is lined up perfectly.

29
Q

Earth’s early atmosphere formed as a result of the outgassing of ______, ______, ______, and lesser amounts of other gases from its interior.

A

water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen

30
Q

Planet Earth is approximately ______ years old.

A

5 billion

31
Q

The universe is vast and estimated to be over _____ years old.

A

10 billion

32
Q

The current theory is that the universe was created from…

A

an explosion called the Big Bang

33
Q

Evidence of the Big Bang…

A

Cosmic background radiation, the red shift of light from very distant galaxies

34
Q

Light from distant galaxies show a shift to the red end of the visible spectrum, which is evidence that the universe is…

A

expanding

35
Q

Our galaxy contains billions of stars and the universe contains…

A

billions of galaxies

Earth Science (6 decks)

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