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BHSC 3329 - Immunology > Unit 6 - Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Unit 6 - Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

True or False:

TH2 response is anti-inflammatory

A

True

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2
Q

True or False:

TH1 response is anti-inflammatory

A

False

- TH1 is PRO-inflammatory

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3
Q

Define hypersensitivity

A

Exaggerated or inappropriate immune response causing inflammatory reactions and tissue damage

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4
Q

What are the 4 types of hypersensitivities?

A

Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV

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5
Q

What are the immunoglobulins involved in a Type I hypersensitivity?

A

IgE

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6
Q

What are the immunoglobulins involved in a Type II hypersensitivity?

A

IgM
IgG
Complement

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7
Q

What are the immunoglobulins involved in a Type III hypersensitivity?

A

“Immune complex”
IgG
Complement

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8
Q

What are the immunoglobulins involved in a Type IV hypersensitivity?

A

Ab-independent
T-cells!
- trick question ;)

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9
Q

Which hypersensitivites are humoral? Which are cell-mediated?

A 
Humoral = Type I, II, and III
Cell-mediated = IV
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10
Q

Which type of hypersensitivity is considered an “allergy”?

A

Type I

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11
Q

What are the two degress of severity of a type I hypersensitivity?

A
  1. Atopy

2. Anaphylaxis

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12
Q

What is atopy?

What are some examples (3)?

A

Inherited IgE-mediated allergies

  • Hay fever (rhinitis)
  • Asthma
  • Atopic dermatitis
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13
Q

What is anaphylaxis?

A

Systemic allergic response

  • could lead to airway obstruction/circulatory collapse
  • potentially lethal
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14
Q

What % of the population is affected by atopic allergies?

A

10-30%

  • it is significantly under-reported
  • it’s “just a cold”
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15
Q

Why is heredity a risk factor for a Type I HS?

A

There are genes that favour IgE production, mast cells, etc.

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16
Q

True or False:

If a parent has a cat allergy, the child will also have a cat allergy

A

False

  • allergies do NOT have to be the same
  • only a chance that the child will have an allergy
17
Q

Why do IgE and allergy severity decrease with age?

A

B/c as you age, your immune system function declines

- IgE production will decrease

18
Q

True or False:

During agin, chronic allergy can result in irreversible airway damage

A

True

19
Q

Simply describe a Type II HS

A

Autoimmune response involving IgM, IgG or complement

20
Q

What are the three ways that a Type II HS can present?

A
  1. Drug reactions
  2. Molecuar mimicry
  3. Idiopathic thrombocytopenia
21
Q

Explain what is happening in a Type II HS, with a drug reaction. What is the example used in class?

A

Penicillin

  • penicillin binds to RBC surface proteins (hapten)
  • immune response leads to complement leads to hemolysis
  • Can lead to hemolytic ANEMIA
22
Q

Explain what is happening in a Type II HS, with molecular mimicry. What was the example used in class?

A

Streptococcus

  • Antibodies against strep can lead to rheumatic fever
  • Antibodies target cardiac proteins
23
Q

Explain what is happening in a Type II HS, with idiopathic thrombocytopenia.

A

Platelets are bound and killed by IgG

- we don’t know what causes it (hence, idiopathic)

24
Q

Simply describe a Type III HS

A

Antibody-antigen COMPLEXES bound together

25
Q

Describe the pathogensis of a Type III HS

A
  1. Antibodies bind with antigen and form complexes
  2. Large complexes are removed by phagocytes
  3. Small complexes deposit in microvasculature (like the glomerulus)
  4. Binds with complement, attracts proinflammatory basophils and neutrophils
    = local inflammation and tissue damage
26
Q

During a Type III HS, what are the two types of leukocytes that are attracted by the binding of complement? What do they do?

A
  1. Basophils
    - cause vasodilation
  2. Neutrophils
    - release enzymes that cause blood vessel damage
27
Q

What are three examples of Type III HSs?

A
  1. Serum sickness
    - form complexes against the foreign serum
  2. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
    - complexes collect in microvasculature
  3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
    - antibody-antigen COMPLEXES deposit between joints
28
Q

True or False:

Rheumatoid Arthritis can be either a Type III or a Type IV HS

A

TRUE!
1. Antibody-antigen complexes deposit between the joints
OR
2. T-cells target synovial membrane (soft tissue) between the joints

29
Q

Simply define a Type Iv HS

A

T-cell specific autoimmune response

30
Q

True or False:

A Type IV HS has a delayed response

A

True

- usually 24 - 72 hours

BHSC 3329 - Immunology (6 decks)

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