Unit 6 - Empiricism Lecture - Hume

Question 1

Hume

Answer 1

Scottish empiricist
Rejected rational epistemology (understand world by what you see)
Rejected materialist ontology
Rejected idea of self
Reductionist, determinist

Question 2

Science of Man

Answer 2

Psychology

Understanding of humans grounded in experience

Question 3

Valid knowledge

Answer 3

Comes from valid relationships between things

Question 4

Valid relationships

Answer 4

Resemblance
Identity
Relation of time/place
Proportion of quantity/number
Degree in quality
Contrariety
Causation

Question 5

Causation inferred from

Answer 5

Association
Intuitive obviousness
Deduced from mathematical axioms

Question 6

Causation is…

Answer 6

The precedence of effect

Does not give rise to the effect

Question 7

Logical positivists

Answer 7

Philosophers of science in early 20th c
Tried to clean up language for pure science
Eliminated inconsequential sounds

Question 8

Social class epistemology (judgement)

Answer 8

Disdain for the vulgar (poor social classes)
No one can test all their beliefs
So we take things from others on faith
When compiling info, we tend to base it on social class

Question 9

8 rules for cause and effect

Answer 9

Contiguity in space and time
Cause comes before effect
Differences in effects of similar object must come from differences between them
In/decrease of effect w/ in/decrease of cause
Indicates parts of effect due to parts of cause

Question 10

Passions

Answer 10

Pride in accomplishments/possession (self-directed)
Love - pride in another’s accomplishments/possessions
Please and pain as motivators

Question 11

Morality

Answer 11

Different from Locke’s
Justice = artificial social construct
eg. savages lack this
So subjugation is justified