Unit 6 CPS Flashcards
Kinetic theory
An explanation of how the particles in gases behave
kinetic theory part 1
all matter is composed of tiny particles
kinetic theory part 2
these particles are in constant, random motion
kinetic theory part 3
the particles collide with each other and with the walls of any container in which they are held
kinetic theory part 4
the amount of energy that the particles lose from these collisions is negligible
thermal energy
the sum of kinetic and potential energy of all the particles that make up something
heat
energy that is transferred between objects due to a temperature difference between them.
specific heat
the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of that material by 1 celsius
specific heat formula
J/(kg x C)
Heat transfer formula
Heat = mass times change in temperature
+Q
heat gain
-Q
heat loss
conduction
the transfer of thermal energy by collisions between the particles that make up matter. Conduction occurs because particles that make up matter are in constant motion.
convection
the transfer of thermal energy in a fluid by the movements of warmer and cooler fluid. When convection occurs, more energetic particles move from one place to another.
Radiation
The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves, such as light and microwaves. These waves travel through space even when matter is not present.
Electric Charge
a property that leads to the electromagnetic (repelling or attracting) interactions between particles of matter
Static electricity
the accumulation of excess electric charge on an object
The Law of Conservation of Charge
when you charge something by any method, no charges are created or destroyed
Electric field
the region around a charged objects where electric forces can be exerted on another charged object
Conductor
a material through which electrons move easily
insulator
a material in which electrons are not able to move easily
charging by contact (conduction)
happens when electrons move from one object to another through direct contact (touching) or rubbing
Charging by Induction
happens when charges in an uncharged object are rearranged without direct contact with a charged object
electroscope
a device that can detect an electrical charge
Circuit
a closed conducting path
Electric current
the flow of charges through a wire or any conductor (amps)
electricity
the flow of electrons
voltage
the amount of work required to move each unit of charge through the circuit (volts)
resistance
the tendency for a material to oppose the flow of electrons. Changes electrical energy into thermal energy and light
Ohm’s Law Formula
Current (in amperes) = voltage/resistance
