Unit 6: Circulatory System Flashcards
What are the types of blood vessels?
Arteries and Arterioles: flow away from the heart (large -> smaller)
Veins and Venules: flow towards the heard (large -> smaller)
Capillaries: tiny vessels that exchange nutrients with surrounding cells
What are the two subunit circuits in the circulatory system?
Pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit
How does the heart pump blood?
u should know :3
What happens in the cardiac cycle? (process of each heartbeat)
- atrial systole: atria contracts, moving blood to ventricles. atria rests
- ventricular systole: semilunar valves open, ventricle contracts and moves blood to the arteries. valves close and ventricle rests
- diastole: rests and then restarts process
systole = active
diastole = at rest
What controls the contraction of the heart?
Cardio-nervous tissue
AV node and SA node, both located in the right atria. They send electrical signals that start and regulate contractions
this is intrinsic control, which is when heartbeat is regulated by nodal tissue in the heart as opposed to outside factors
What is blood coagulation?
Blood clotting, the body’s way of patching up leaks by preventing further blood loss.
What is the process of blood clotting?
Platelets clump together at the site of damage and release prothrombin activator, which converts the prothrombin in plasma to thrombin, which cleaves fibrinogen to fibrin.
This fibrin wraps around RBCs and platelets.
Plasmin (enzymes) breaks these fibrin threads afterwards
Where and at which circuits does molecular exchange occur?
Pulmonary and systemic circuit
the movement of fluid across the capillary walls is caused by osmotic pressure and blood pressure
Which side is the BLOOD pressure higher than osmotic pressure and which side is OSMOTIC pressure higher than blood pressure
At the arteriole end of the capillary blood pressure is higher
At the venule end of the capillary osmotic pressure is higher
What happens with water where the blood pressure is higher
what happens with water where the blood pressure is lower than the osmotic pressure
water moves across the capillary wall to the tissues from the blood
water moves across the capillary wall from the tissues to the blood
What is blood pressure and when would it be high?
the pressure of circulating blood AGAINST the walls of the blood vessels
it is high when there is a large amount of blood in a given area
What is the placenta? What is its role in fetal circulation?
It is a specialized organ appearing during the onset of pregnancy. it allows for circulating blood from both mother and fetus to meet and exchange without mixing. gases, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged(with diffusion)
What is the umbilical cord?
The umbilical cord contains one large umbilical vein that carries oxygen-rich and nutrient-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus. This blood provides the essential nutrients and oxygen required for fetal growth and development.
The two smaller umbilical arteries in the umbilical cord that carry oxygen-poor blood and waste products (like carbon dioxide and urea) from the fetus back to the placenta. In the placenta, these waste products are transferred to the mother’s blood for disposal.
Explain the process of fetal circulation
The oxygen rich blood flows through the umbilical vein, through the ductus venosus, and enters the fetal right atria. Most blood flows across the foramen ovale into the left atrium
oxygen rich blood flows into the left ventricle and is sent to the aorta when it contracts
oxygen poor blood enters the heart from the superior vena cava and enters the right ventricle
idk i give up i dont get it
what is interstitial fluid and where is it found
where is excess interstitial fluid collected/stored
an intermediary fluid that exists between cells
lymph vessels
