Unit 6: Change and Transition

Question 1

Comfort zone:

Answer 1

The areas in which someone operates with ease and free from anxiety and pressure.

Question 2

Constitution:

Answer 2

The constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the land. It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic, set out the rights and duties of its citizens and defined the structure of the government.

Question 3

Dismissal:

Answer 3

The termination of employment by an employer against the will of the employee.

Question 4

Dispute:

Answer 4

A disagreement or argument.

Question 5

Identity:

Answer 5

The fact of being whom or what a person or thing is.

Question 6

Integrity:

Answer 6

The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles.

Question 7

Knowledge:

Answer 7

Acquaintance with facts, truths or principles.

Question 8

Lifecycle:

Answer 8

Growth or progression through different stages of human development.

Question 9

Revenue:

Answer 9

Revenue, turnover, is income that a company receives from its normal business activities, from the sale of goods and services to customers.

Question 10

Rite of passage:

Answer 10

Rituals, ceremonies or events that symbolize important stages in a person’s life.

Question 11

Self-actualization:

Answer 11

The realization of one’s talent and potential, especially considered as a drive or need present in everyone.

Question 12

Self-esteem:

Answer 12

This describes a person’s overall sense of self-worth or personal value.

Question 13

Skills:

Answer 13

The learned ability to carry out a task with predetermined results, often within a given amount of time or energy.

Question 14

Tax:

Answer 14

This is a financial charge or other levy imposed upon a taxpayer by a state. Failure to pay is punishable by law.

Question 15

Transition:

Answer 15

Movement, passage or change from one phase to another.

Question 16

Values:

Answer 16

An absolute or relative and ethical value, the assumption of which can be the basis of ethical action. A value system is a set of consistent values and measures. A principle value is a foundation upon which other values and measures of integrity are based.

Question 17

6.1: Transition and dealing with change

Answer 17

• Establishing identity and purpose: You will have to redefine and determine who you are within your new environment.
• Dealing with a multicultural environment: People should be respected and treated as unique individuals.
• Relationship problems: You need the ability to communicate your feelings, needs and thoughts.
• Stress and anxiety.
• Depression.
• Developing purpose and integrity: You have to find direction and purpose in order to live a meaningful life.

Question 18

Positive aspects of change:

Answer 18

• Creation of new opportunities.
• Motivation: Can challenge and motivate you to do new things.
• Keeping you flexible: Keep your mind open to suggestions.
• Personal growth.
  Discover better things.
• Build your strengths.

Question 19

Negative aspects of change:

Answer 19

• Fear: We usually fear the unknown, failure or even success.
• Losing friends.
• Thoughts: Negative thoughts lead to negative emotions, negative actions and negative results.
• Stress.

Question 20

Life stages:

Answer 20

Different stages of life have been defined by cultures, religions and researchers in many ways. Each stage of life has its own unique gift to contribute to the world.

Question 21

Life stages table:

Answer 21

Pre-birth, Birth, Infancy, Early childhood, Middle childhood, Late childhood, Adolescence, Early adulthood, Midlife, Mature adulthood, Late adulthood and Death.

Question 22

Rites of Passage:

Answer 22

Rites of passage play a central role in African socialization to teach cultures values and a way of living. These are used to mark each phase of a person’s life and to show the entrance from one phase to the next. It’s a typical ceremonial event with responsibilities and privileges linked to different life phases.

Question 23

Rites of passage: Traditional African birth

Answer 23

Some African cultures believe that the infant has come from the spirit world with important information from that world and is bringing unique talents and gifts to offer to the community. Zulu birth are marked by the slaughter of sacrificial animals to ancestors. An infant’s name is given as a reflection of its life mission.

Question 24

Rites of passage: Traditional African transition:

Answer 24

Male initiation in the form of circumcision is practiced among most Xhosa groups. The abakweta live in special huts isolated from towns for several weeks. They have their heads shaved, they wear a loincloth and a blanket for warmth. White clay is smeared on their bodies and are expected to observe prohibitions to act deferentially to their adult male leaders.

Question 25

Rites of passage: Zulu adulthood

Answer 25

They use the unemulo to mark the changing status from youth to adulthood. The girl is seperated from other people and this is followed by reincorporation, ritual killings of animals, dancing and feasting. After the ceremony, the girl is declared ready for marriage.

Question 26

Rites of passage: Sesotho lenyalo:

Answer 26

Marriage in Sesotho called lenyalo. The marriage involves a feast where sheep may be slaughtered on behalf of the girl. When the bride is ready to share her home with her husband a pot beer is placed in the house.

Question 27

Rites of passage: Islamic birth

Answer 27

When a Muslim child is born the adhan prayer is whispered in the baby’s right ear and the iqamah or command to rise and worship in the left. Seven days after the birth the Aqiqa ceremony takes place, where the name of the child is told to family and friends.

Question 28

6.2: The value of work

Answer 28

Values are highly personal and provide a compass for setting goals and making decisions. The way we feel about our work matters more than the task itself. Clarifying your work values is essential. Taking your values into account when you choose a career could be the most important factor that determines whether you will or won’t be satisfied with your career. A good workplace is built through the day-to-day relationships that employees experience.

Question 29

Maslow’s Hierachy of Needs

Answer 29

Maslow described the highest level as the desire to become everything that one is capable of becoming. This is a broad definition for self-actualization. This can be pursued through one’s work by the achievement of a person’s full potential, the expression of creativity and sense contributing to the world.

Question 30

Reasons for and the impact of unemployment in South Africa

Answer 30

Unemployment is a significant and difficult problem facing the South African economy and its authority. Various reasons exist for the high unemployment rate, for example, poor education, seasonal layoffs,racial discrimination and instabilities of the local economies.

Question 31

Reasons for unemployment in South Africa: Impact

Answer 31

Unemployment causes the unemployed to suffer. Emotional, mental and physical hardship poses a severe threat to social and political stability of our country.

Question 32

Reasons for unemployment in South Africa: Poverty

Answer 32

Poverty deprives the population of good income sources. Poverty is commonly referred to as a shortage of food, clothing, shelter and safe water. Unemployment considerably increases the risk of poverty. This reduces a person’s chances of getting the most basic human needs.

Question 33

Reasons for unemployment in South Africa: Breeds discontent towards the authority

Answer 33

Lack of work breeds discontent towards the authority and may trigger social unrest and violent demonstrations.

Question 34

Reasons for unemployment in South Africa: Self-confidence

Answer 34

Without employment, young people are unable to contribute to the long-term welfare of their families and communicates. Unemployment destroys the family structure as it reduces the self confidence and social status of a person.

Question 35

Reasons for unemployment in South Africa: Alcoholism

Answer 35

In an effort to escape away from unemployment, the unemployed are usually indulge in alcohol consumption. This has unfavorable effects on the overall health of an unemployed individual.

Question 36

Reasons for unemployment in South Africa: Economy

Answer 36

An increase in number of unemployed people leads to increase in the number of people who are dependent on social welfare programs. If fewer people are working, there are reduced numbers of taxpayers. This takes a huge portion out of the country’s budget that has to provide free housing, primary education and health care for the unemployed.

Question 37

Reasons for unemployment in South Africa: Crime

Answer 37

Wherever there is unemployment, a poverty circle is created. A poverty circle can be explained where people with no jobs and no potential for employment turn to illegal actions to gain money to fulfill their needs.

Question 38

Reasons for unemployment in South Africa: Population

Answer 38

Overpopulated areas develop in countries that are generally poor and have high unemployment rates. People tend to migrate from rural places or smaller towns to the cities in search for employment or better opportunities. This creates slums and high levels of crime.

Question 39

Reasons for unemployment in South Africa: Tourism

Answer 39

A high crime rate influence the reputation of a country and this may influence tourism negatively.

Question 40

Solutions for unemployment in South Africa

Answer 40

• Enhance employment, efforts to enhance income and productivity in the informal work sector.
• Entrepreneurial development, the government should pay attention to mobilizing internal resources and creating a culture of entrepreneurial development.
• Informal jobs, examples of these jobs are mainly in sales, spaza shops, food stands and personal services.
• Voluntary work, a volunteer is an unpaid assistant who works without being paid.
• Rural employment, high emphasis can be placed on promoting rural employment by supporting cottage industries and and agriculture.
• Healthcare, healthcare programmes can be improved to create the provision of free health care for the unemployed.
• Social welfare, measures can be introduced to expand social welfare programmes and unemployment benefits, including rent subsidisation and distribution of clothing and food.
• Education, the education system can be restuctured to ensure it produces graduates who are capable of creating self-employment.