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AP Human Geography - SHS 2022/2023 > Unit 6 (ch. 12+13): Services and Urban Patterns > Flashcards

Unit 6 (ch. 12+13): Services and Urban Patterns Flashcards

https://docs.google.com/document/d/15vDi11rrNrDsDgOyqYrmSEkidywzD0w9gceZcaviMlM/edit?usp=sharing

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1
Q

first characteristic of a service

12.1 1/11 b/c:

A

fulfills a want or need

  • pg.434 in textbook
  • pg.2 q.1 in reading guide
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2
Q

fill in the blanks

The two sub-sectors of business services with slower employment growth are a result of improved job —-; for example, fewer workers are needed to —- —-

12.1 11/11 c/d

A

effeciency, answer phones

  • Pg.435 in textbook
  • pg.3 q.13 in reading guide
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3
Q

an example of retail services

12.1 5/11 f/L

A

grocery stores

  • Pg. 434 in textbook
  • pg.2 q.5 in reading guide
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4
Q

fill in the blanks

sharing services have expanded rapidly, especially in —- and —-

12.2 17/17 a/c

A

lodging and transportation

  • Pg.443 in textbook
  • pg.5 q.23 in reading guide
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5
Q

true or false

consumer services follow a regular pattern

12.2 1/? a/a

A

true

  • pg.436 in textbook
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6
Q

fill in the blanks

smaller settlements have consumer services with —- thresholds, ranges, and market areas, while larger settlements have consumer services with —- thresholds, ranges, and market areas

12.2 12/17 a/a

A

smaller, larger

  • Pg.439 in textbook
  • pg.4 q.7 in reading guide
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7
Q

the two pieces of information needed to compute a service’s market area

12.2 6/? a/f

A

range, threshold

  • Pg.437 in textbook
  • pg.3 q.5 in reading guide
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8
Q

fill in the blanks

to calculate food deserts, a map of the US was divided into squares about —- —- mile(s) long. In an urban area, a food desert was considered any square where the center was —- mile(s) from a grocery store, and in a rural area, if the center was —- mile(s) from a grocery store

12.2 15/17 b/c

A

one half, one, ten

  • Pg.441 in textbook
  • pg.5 q.20 in reading guide
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9
Q

fill in the blanks

—- services are the type of service with the most US jobs (about —- of US jobs)

12.1 5/11 c/L

A

consumer services, half

  • Pg.434 in textbook
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10
Q

fill in the blanks

rank-size distribution indicates that a country is sufficiently —-, as it is able to provide services in a —- —- of places

12.2 10/17 e/f

A

wealthy, wider variety

  • Pg.438 in textbook
  • pg.4 q.13 in reading guide
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11
Q

the sub-sector of consumer services with the least US jobs

12.1 5/11 k/L

A

education

  • Pg.434 in textbook (figure 12-1)
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12
Q

an example of a megaregion

12.2 5/? b/b

A

twin cities

  • Pg.436 in textbook
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13
Q

fill in the blank

the second of three reasons that inner city residents are disadvantaged in job skills is: jobs that were previously easier to obtain now require more —- skills

13.4 2/2 d/e

A

computer

  • pg.490 in textbook
  • pg.21 q.2 in reading guide
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14
Q

a market area is an example of what kind of region?

12.2 4/? c/c

A

nodal region

  • Pg.436 in textbook
  • pg.3 q.4 in reading guide
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15
Q

fill in the blanks

according to figure 12-16, food deserts are most prevalent on the —- —- coast

12.2 15/17 a/c

A

south east

  • Pg.441 in textbook
  • pg.5 q.20 in reading guide
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16
Q

fill in the blank

consumer services are provided to a(n) —-

12.1 5/11 a/L

A

individual

  • Pg.434 in textbook
  • pg.2 q.4 in reading guide
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17
Q

fill in the blanks

the distinction among services is —- —-

12.1 8/11 a/b

A

not absolute

  • Pg.434 in textbook
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18
Q

fill in the blanks

sharing services can look for loopholes to bypass certain protocols. For example, —- claims that it’s drivers are independent contractors, therefore the company doesn’t have to do any —-

12.2 17/17 c/c

A

Uber, screening

  • Pg.443 in textbook
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19
Q

fill in the blank

—- nest without overlapping like circles or leaving uneven spaces like squares, making them ideal for representing market areas

12.2 8/? a/a

A

hexagons

  • Pg.437 in textbook
  • pg.4 q.10 in reading guide
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20
Q

smallest level of market area

12.2 11/17 e/e

A

hamlet

  • Pg.439 in textbook
  • pg.4 q.15 in reading guide
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21
Q

fill in the blanks

the Gravity Model says the best location for a service will have the —- number of consumers at the —- possible distance

12.2 14/17 b/b

A

greatest, least

  • Pg.441 in textbook
  • pg.5 q.19 in reading guide
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22
Q

fill in the blank

consumers use consumer services because they —- them

12.1 5/11 b/L

A

desire

  • Pg.434 in textbook
  • pg.2 q.4 in reading guide
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23
Q

fill in the blank

services at the —- end of the central place hierarchy are provided at periodic markets

12.2 16/17 b/e

A

low

  • Pg.442 in textbook
  • pg.5 q.21 in reading guide
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24
Q

true or false

periodic markets are a phenomenon in both MDCs and LDCs

12.2 16/17 a/e

A

true

  • Pg.442 in textbook
  • pg.5 q.22 in reading guide
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25
Q

—- amount of the underclass live in inner city neighborhoods

13.4 2/2 b/e

A

disproportionate

  • pg.490 in textbook
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26
Q

fill in the blanks

settlements occupy very little of Earth’s —-, but contain nearly all of Earth’s —-

12.1 9/11 c/c

A

surface, population

  • Pg. 435 in textbook
  • pg.2 q.11 in reading guide
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27
Q

an example of a service with a small range

12.2 6/? c/f

A

convenience store

  • Pg.437 in textbook
  • pg.3 q.5 in reading guide
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28
Q

fill in the blank

US employment has declined in every sector, except the —- sector, where it’s grown

12.1 11/11 a/d

A

service sector

  • Pg.435 in textbook
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29
Q

fill in the blank

the —- sector of the economy includes agriculture and mining

12.1 3/11 a/b

A

primary sector

  • Pg.434 in textbook (figure 12-1)
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30
Q

100 years ago, —- —- neighborhoods in the US would have one-hundred thousand people. Even though those neighborhoods now have less than —- —- people, they still face distinct challenges

13.4 2/2 a/e

A

inner city, five thousand

  • pg.490 in textbook
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31
Q

fill in the blank

sharing services are —- the traditional classification of services

12.2 17/17 b/c

A

challenging

  • Pg.443 in textbook
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32
Q

fill in the blanks

when determining range, only consumers in the service’s —- —- are counted

12.2 7/? c/e

A

target demographic

  • Pg.437 in textbook
  • pg.4 q.6 in reading guide
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33
Q

a prominent example of Rank-Size Rule

12.2 10/17 b/f

A

the US

  • Pg.438 in textbook
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34
Q

what is a service?

12.1 1/11 a/c:

A

an activity

  • pg.434 in textbook
  • pg.2 q.1 in reading guide
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35
Q

the minimum amount of people needed for financially support a service

12.2 7/? a/e

A

threshold

  • Pg.437 in textbook
  • pg.4 q.6 in reading guide
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36
Q

fill in the blank

business services are provided to a(n) —-

12.1 6/11 a/g

A

business

  • Pg. 434 in textbook
  • pg.2 q.6 in reading guide
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37
Q

second characteristic of a service

12.1 1/11 c/c:

A

returns money to provider

  • pg.434 in textbook
  • pg.2 q.1 in reading guide
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38
Q

fill in the blanks

—- keeping money in —- is an example of the distinction among services NOT being absolute

12.1 8/11 b/b

A

consumers, banks

Pg. 434 in textbook

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39
Q

fill in the blanks

the distance that you have to be from a grocery store to be considered living in a food desert is diminished for people without a —- or —- —-

12.2 15/17 c/c

A

car, public transportation

  • Pg.441 in textbook
  • pg.5 q.20 in reading guide
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40
Q

two examples of consumers’ characteristics that might define a service’s target demographic

12.2 7/? d/e

A

age, income

  • Pg.437 in textbook
  • pg.4 q.6 in reading guide
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41
Q

fill in the blank

besides finding the most profitable location for a service, market area analysis is also used to determine where to —- services

12.2 13/17 a/a

A

close

  • Pg.440 in textbook
42
Q

hinterlands surrounding the largest urban settlements in the US

12.2 5/? a/b

A

megaregions

  • Pg.436 in textbook
43
Q

fill in the blanks

LDCs often have periodic markets to provide services that can’t have a —- —- establishment

12.2 16/17 c/e

A

full time

  • Pg.442 in textbook
  • pg.5 q.22 in reading guide
44
Q

the two names for the area around a service that contains its customers

12.2 4/? b/c

A

market area, hinterland

  • Pg.436 in textbook
  • pg.3 q.4 in reading guide
45
Q

fill in the blanks

public services are divided by the —- —- —- that the employees work for

12.1 7/11 d/e

A

level of government

  • Pg.434 in textbook
  • pg.2 q.9 in reading guide
46
Q

what is a central place?

.12.2 3/? a/c

A

a collection of competing businesses

  • Pg.436 in textbook
47
Q

an example of leisure services

12.1 5/11 j/L

A

bartenders

  • Pg. 434 in textbook
  • pg.2 q.5 in reading guide
48
Q

fill in the blank

Rank-Size Rule is observed in —-

12.2 10/17 a/f

A

MDCs

  • Pg.438 in textbook, pg.4 q.11 in reading guide
49
Q

fill in the blank

—- sector is ANOTHER name for the sector of the economy that services fall under

12.1 2/11 b/c:

A

service sector

  • Pg.434 in textbook
  • pg. 2 q.2 in reading guide
50
Q

the sub-sector of consumer services with the second most US jobs

12.1 5/11 g/L

A

health

  • Pg.434 in textbook (figure 12-1)
51
Q

an example of a service with a large range

12.2 6/? d/f

A

concert

  • Pg.437 in textbook
  • pg.3 q.5 in reading guide
52
Q

the first of two reasons that consumers will travel greater distances for consumer services

12.2 9/17 a/b

A

much cheaper

  • Pg.438 in textbook
53
Q

the sub-sector of business services with the most US jobs

12.1 6/11 c/g

A

professional

Pg.434 in textbook (figure 12-1)

54
Q

how many levels of market area are there?

12.2 11/17 a/e

A

four

  • Pg.439 in textbook
  • pg.4 q.15 in reading guide
55
Q

fill in the blanks

services are NOT just clustered in areas of —- —-, but are instead clustered in —-

12.1 9/11 b/c

A

high population, settlements

  • pg. 435 in textbook
  • pg.2 q.12 in reading guide
56
Q

fill in the blank

about —- of US jobs are in business services

12.1 6/11 b/g

A

one-fourth

  • Pg. 434 in textbook
57
Q

true or false

the federal government has more employees than all the local governments

12.1 7/11 e/e

A

false

  • Pg.434 in textbook
58
Q

what does public service provide?

12.1 7/11 a/e

A

security

  • Pg.434 in textbook
  • pg.2 q.8 in reading guide
59
Q

fill in the blank

the third of three reasons that inner city residents are disadvantaged in job skills is: low skilled jobs are moving to —- with poor no public transit access

13.4 2/2 e/e

A

suburbs

  • pg.490 in textbook
  • pg.21 q.2 in reading guide
60
Q

an example of health services

12.1 5/11 h/L

A

nursing home assistants

  • Pg. 434 in textbook
  • pg.2 q.5 in reading guide
61
Q

an example of transportation services, and an example of information services

12.1 6/11 g/g

A

trucking, publishing

  • Pg.434 in textbook (figure 12-1)
62
Q

example of a primate city, and its country

12.2 10/17 d/f

A

Mexico City, Mexico

Pg.438 in textbook

63
Q

fill in the blanks

a central place is centrally located in order to —- —- for consumers in the area

12.2 3/? b/c

A

maximize accessibility

  • Pg.436 in textbook
64
Q

fill in the blanks

in consumer services, the most rapid employment growth has been in —- and —-

12.1 11/11 d/d

A

health care, education

  • Pg.435 in textbook
  • pg.3 q.13 in reading guide
65
Q

man who proposed Central Place Theory

12.2 2/? b/b

A

Christaller

  • Pg.436 in textbook
  • pg.3 q.3 in reading guide
66
Q

largest level of market area

12.2 11/17 b/e

A

city

  • Pg.439 in textbook
  • pg.4 q.15 in reading guide
67
Q

fill in the blanks

market area, range, and threshold are measured from a(n) —- —-

12.2 4/? a/c

A

individual service

  • Pg.436 in textbook
68
Q

an example of education services

12.1 5/11 L/L

A

teachers

  • Pg. 434 in textbook
  • pg.2 q.5 in reading guide
69
Q

what is used to help estimate threshold?

12.2 7/? b/e

A

census data

  • Pg.437 in textbook
70
Q

third largest level of market area

12.2 11/17 d/e

A

village

  • Pg.439 in textbook
  • pg.4 q.15 in reading guide
71
Q

fill in the blank

there are —- major sub-sectors of consumer services

12.1 5/11 d/L

A

four

  • Pg. 434 in textbook
  • pg.2 q.5 in reading guide
72
Q

fill in the blanks

the first of three reasons that inner city residents are disadvantaged in job skills is: due to lack of —-, they don’t have any —- skills

13.4 2/2 c/e

A

education, technical

  • pg.490 in textbook
  • pg.21 q.2 in reading guide
73
Q

fill in the blanks

globally, the distribution of service sector workers is —- the distribution of primary sector workers, because the majority of jobs in — are in the service sector, while the majority of jobs in — are in farming

12.1 9/11 a/c

A

opposite, MDCs, LDCs

  • Pg.435 in textbook
  • pg.2 q.10 in reading guide
74
Q

relating to a city or its governing body

adj.

13.4 1/2 a/a

A

municipal

  • dictionary.com/browse/municipal
75
Q

fill in the blank

periodic markets allow services to have otherwise unconventional practices. for example, being a —- vendor

12.2 16/17 e/e

A

mobile

  • Pg.442 in textbook
  • pg.5 q.22 in reading guide
76
Q

fill in the blank

the type of service with the least US jobs is —- services

12.1 7/11 c/e

A

public services

  • Pg.434 in textbook (figure 12-1)
77
Q

the second of two reasons that consumers will travel greater distances for consumer services

12.2 9/17 b/b

A

unavailable locally

  • Pg.438 in textbook
78
Q

services with smaller ranges

12.2 6/? b/f

A

everyday consumer services

  • Pg.437 in textbook
  • pg.3 q.5 in reading guide
79
Q

the two sub-sectors of business services with the least US jobs are —- services and —- services

12.1 6/11 e/g

A

financial services, transportation and information services

  • Pg.434 in textbook (figure 12-1)
80
Q

the sub-sector of consumer services with the third most US jobs

12.1 5/11 i/L

A

leisure

Pg.434 in textbook (figure 12-1)

81
Q

what is the threshold of a store like Target?

12.2 7/? e/e

A

100,000

  • Pg.440 in textbook
82
Q

fill in the blanks

Central Place Theory (CPT) helps explain how to identify the —- —- —- for consumer services

12.2 2/? a/b

A

most profitable location

  • Pg.436 in textbook
  • pg.3 q.1 in reading guide
83
Q

fill in the blanks

MDCs often have periodic markets for —- —-

12.2 16/17 d/e

A

fresh food

  • Pg.442 in textbook
  • pg.5 q.22 in reading guide
84
Q

fill in the blanks

public services are provided to both —- AND —-

12.1 7/11 b/e

A

citizens, businesses

  • Pg.434 in textbook
  • pg.2 q.8 in reading guide
85
Q

fill in the blanks

the absence of rank size distribution contributes to hardship, because of the longer —- —- to important services

12.2 10/17 f/f

A

travel distances

  • Pg.438 in textbook
  • pg.4 q.13 in reading guide
86
Q

fill in the blank

—- —- rule is when a country’s largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement

12.2 10/17 c/f

A

primate city rule

  • Pg.438 in textbook
  • pg.4 q.12 in reading guide
87
Q

what word is synonymous with affluent?

12.1 10/11 a/a

A

wealthy

merriam-webster.com/dictionary/affluent

88
Q

fill in the blank

the —- sector of the economy has the least US jobs

12.1 3/11 b/b

A

primary sector

  • Pg.434 in textbook (figure 12-1)
89
Q

fill in the blank

the —- sector of the economy includes manufacturing and construction

12.1 4/11 a/a

A

secondary sector

  • Pg.434 in textbook (figure 12-1)
90
Q

fill in the blank

US employment expanded most rapidly in the —- sub-sector of business services, and more slowly in the other sub-sectors of business services

12.1 11/11 b/d

A

professional

  • Pg.435 in textbook
  • pg.3 q.13 in reading guide
91
Q

fill in the blanks

according to CPT, competition between businesses in central places creates a —- —- —- —-

12.2 3/? c/c

A

regular pattern of settlements

  • Pg.436 in textbook
  • pg.3 q.2 in reading guide
92
Q

fill in the blank

services are part of the —- sector of the economy

12.1 2/11 a/c

A

tertiary sector

pronounced tur-shee-eh-ree

  • Pg.434 in textbook
  • pg. 2 q.2 in reading guide
  • vocabulary.com/dictionary/tertiary
93
Q

fill in the blanks

geographers adapted the —- —- from physics

12.2 14/17 a/b

A

gravity model

94
Q

an example of professional services

12.1 6/11 d/g

A

law services

  • Pg.434 in textbook (figure 12-1)
95
Q

how many types is the tertiary sector subdivided into?

12.1 2/11 c/c

A

three

  • Pg.434 in textbook
  • pg. 2 q.3 in reading guide
96
Q

what is the range of a store like Target?

12.2 6/? e/f

A

30 minutes

  • Pg.440 in textbook
97
Q

the sub-sector of consumer services with the most US jobs

12.1 5/11 e/L

A

retail

  • Pg.434 in textbook (figure 12-1)
98
Q

an example of leisure services

12.1 5/11 j/L

A

bartenders

  • Pg. 434 in textbook
  • pg.2 q.5 in reading guide
99
Q

fill in the blanks

—- services is the type of service with the most US jobs (about —- of US jobs)

12.1 5/11 c/?

A

consumer services, half

Pg.434 in textbook

100
Q

an example of financial services

12.1 6/11 f/g

A

Diversified Wealth Management

  • Pg.434 in textbook (figure 12-1)
101
Q

fill in the blanks

range is also dependent on a consumer’s —- —- —- and —- —-

12.2 6/? f/f

A

proximity to competitors, travel time

Pg.437 in textbook

102
Q

second largest level of market area

12.2 11/17 c/e

A

town

  • Pg.439 in textbook
  • pg.4 q.15 in reading guide

AP Human Geography - SHS 2022/2023 (6 decks)

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