Unit 6 Biotechnology Flashcards
Transgenic organism
organism containing fragments of DNA from an organism of a different species
Reasons to create GMOs
grow larger, last longer, resistant to disease
Transformation
recombinant Dna tech
vector
organism that acts as a carrier
how does recombinant tech work?
use bacteria as a vector, and place genes from another animal into it
what is the point of recombinant tech
to mass produce genes
what is cloning
producing a genetically identical organism from the original organism
purpose of cloning
to mass produce organism with desirable traits
how does cloning work
remove nucleus from egg, fuse cell (from the person u want to clone) and egg with electricity. then implant the new egg into a surrogate
what is a stem cell
somatic cells that can change into specialized cells or replicate itself
where is an adult stem cell found
bone marrow, spinal cord, skin, liver, umbilical cord
where is a stem cell found in an embryo
undifferentiated cells
undifferentiated cells
first cells in a human embryo that hasn’t become a specialized cell
what are stem cells used for
to replace damaged or diseased cells
gene therapy
using genes to treat and prevent diseases
how does gene therapy work
insert gene into a patients cell instead of drugs and surgery. or take out bad gene and replace with a good gene.
what is gene therapy used for
cancer therapy, replace factors and enzymes
Restriction Enzyme
recognizes serious of nucleotides and cuts DNA Into segments
Steps in gel electrophoresis
dna is cut into peices using restriction enzyme, then electrical current spectates different sized pieces of dna, then fragments are separated by weight (large pieces move slower: at top), banding pattern is created (this is unique for every individual), matching bands help identify source of dna.
What does gel electrophoresis do
used to make a DNA fingerprint
uses of DNA fingerprinting
to determine paternity, to identify crime suspects, to determine evolutionary relationships.
