UNIT 6: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards
What are the biological levels of life?
Cells – Tissues – organs - organ systems - complex organisms
Define homeostasis
the body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment, even when external conditions change
Cell theory
- Cells are the smallest unit of life
- Cells arise from other cells
- All living things are made of cells
How many types of tissues are there?
4 types of animal tissues
What are the four types of animal tissue?
Connective, muscular, epithelial, nervous
Connective tissue:
Holds parts of our bodies together/fils space.
Example of connective tissue
ligaments/bones, fats, cartilage
Muscular tissue:
Moves parts of our body (skeletal vs. smooth)
Example of muscular tissue
Biceps, quads, smiling, organs
Epithelial tissue
Covers the inside and outside of the body
Example of epithelial tissue
Skin, stomach/intestine lining
Nervous tissue
communication in the body
Example of Nervous tissue
nerves in our brain/body
Organs
A collection of tissues with a similar function; organs perform jobs in the body
Organ system
A group of organs working together to perform a specific function.
Example of organ system
Circulatory, nervous, respiratory, digestive, skeletal, muscular
Sagittal plane
an anatomical plane that divides the body into right and left sections
Coronal [frontal] plane
an anatomical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections
Transverse planes
An anatomical plane that divides the body into upper and lower halves, or superior and inferior sections
Inferior plane
Lower sections
Superior plane
Upper sections
Median sagittal plane
an imaginary plane that vertically divides the body into symmetrical left and right halves
Posterior
further back in position; of or nearer the rear or hind end
Anterior
The front surface
Lateral
Directed outwards to the body
Medial
Directed inwards to the body
Distal
Farther away from the center of the body
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment or the center of the body
Translate: The fingers are distal to the shoulder
The fingers are distal to the shoulder because they are farther away from where the arm attaches to the body.
The shoulder is proximal to the hand because ______
It is closer to the trunk of the body
