Unit 6

Question 1

Acid deposition

Answer 1

The falling of acids and acid forming compounds from the atmosphere to the earths surface

Question 2

Air pollution

Answer 2

One or more chemicals in high enough concentrations in the air to harm humans, other animals, vegetation, or materials

Question 3

Biomagnification

Answer 3

Increase in concentration of ddt, pcbs and other slowly degradable fat soluble chemicals in organisms at successively higher tropic levels of a food chain or web

Question 4

Brownfield

Answer 4

A former industrial or commercial site or future use is affected by real or perceived environmental contamination

Question 5

Buffer

Answer 5

Substance that can react with hydrogen ions in a solution and thus hold the acidity or pH of a solution fairly constant

Question 6

Carbon monoxide

Answer 6

A colorless odorless highly toxic gas that forms during the incomplete combustion of carbon containing materials

Question 7

Choloroflourocarbon CFCs

Answer 7

Organic compounds made up of atoms of carbon chlorine fluorine they can deplete the ozone layer when they slowly rising to the stratosphere in the chlorine atoms react with Ozone molecules. example: Freon-12, refrigerant

Question 8

dioxins

Answer 8

Family of 75 different chlorinated hydrocarbons compounds formed as unwanted by-products in a chemical reaction involving chlorine and hydrocarbons usually a high temperatures

Question 9

Dose

Answer 9

The amount of a potentially harmful substance an individual ingests, inhales or absorbed through the skin

Question 10

Dose response curve

Answer 10

Plot of data showing effects of various doses of intoxication on a group of test organisms

Question 11

E waste

Answer 11

Old end of life or discarded appliances are using electricity

Question 12

Epidemiology

Answer 12

Study of the patterns of disease or other harmful effects from toxic exposure within to find groups of people to found out why some people get sick and some do not

Question 13

Hazardous waste

Answer 13

Any solid liquid or containerize to gas that can catch fire easily is corrosive to skin tissue or medals, is unstable and can explode or release toxic fumes, or has harmful concentrations of one or more toxic materials that can Leach out

Question 14

Industrial smog

Answer 14

Type of air pollution consisting mostly of a mixture of sulfur dioxide, suspended top droplets of sulfuric acid formed from some of the sulfur dioxide, and a variety of suspended solid particles

Question 15

Integrated waste management

Answer 15

Variety of strategies for both waste reduction and waste management to deal with solid wastes

Question 16

LD50

Answer 16

The amount of the material, given all at once, which causes the death of 50% of a group of test animals. It is one way to measure the short term poisoning potential acute toxicity of a material

Question 17

Median lethal dose LD50

Answer 17

I’m out of a toxic material per unit of body weight of test animals that kills half the test population in a certain time

Question 18

Nitric acid (HNO3)

Answer 18

Formed when an NO2 reacts with water vapor in the air. It is a component of acid deposition that returns to the earth and can damage trees soil and aquatic life in lames

Question 19

Nitrogen oxides (NOx)

Answer 19

These gases play a role in photochemical smog and can irritate the eyes nose and throat and lungs aggravate asthma and bronchitis and increase susceptibility to respiratory infections by impairing the immune system. They can also suppress plant growth and reduce visibility when they are converted to nitric and nitric salts

Question 20

Nonpoint source

Answer 20

Large or disbursed to land areas such as crop fields streets lawns that discharge pollutants into the environment over a large area

Question 21

Ozone O3

Answer 21

Colorless and highly reactive gas, a major component of photochemical smog and also found in the stratosphere where it protects life by filtering out most harmful UV radiation from the sun

Question 22

Ozone layer

Answer 22

Layer in the stratosphere that protects life on earth by filtering out most harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun

Question 23

Particulates

Answer 23

Solid particles in liquid droplets small and light enough to remain suspended in the air for short to long. Also referred to as suspended particulate matter SPM

Question 24

Photochemical smog

Answer 24

Complex mixture of airplanes produced in the lower atmosphere by the reaction of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides under the influence of sunlight. Especially harmful components include ozone, peroxyacal nitrates (PANs) and various aldehydes

Question 25

Point source

Answer 25

Single identify all source that discharges planes into the environment. Examples are the smokestack of a power plant or industrial plant, drain pipe of a meat packing plant, chimney of a house, or exhaust pipe of an automobile

Question 26

PCBs

Answer 26

Group of 209 different toxic, oily, synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbons compounds that can be biologically amplified and food chains and webs

Question 27

Primary pollutant

Answer 27

Chemicals that have been added directly to the air by natural events or human activities and occur and a harmful concentration

Question 28

Radon. Rn

Answer 28

Naturally occurring colorless and odorless radioactive gas found in some types of soil and rock. It can see into homes and buildings sitting about such deposits. Long-term exposure can cause lung cancer especially among smokers

Question 29

Sanitary landfill

Answer 29

Waste disposal site on land in which waste is spread in thin layers, compacted, and covered with a fresh layer of clay or plastic foam each day

Question 30

Secondary pollutants

Answer 30

Harmful chemical formed in the atmosphere when an air pollutant reacts with normal air components or other air pollutants

Question 31

Smog

Answer 31

Originally a combination of smoke and fog but now used to describe other mixtures of pollutants in atmosphere

Question 32

Sulfur dioxide SO2

Answer 32

Colorless gas with an irritating odor. About 2/3 comes from human sources and mostly combustion of sulfur containing call in electric power in industrial plants from oil refining and smelting of sulfide ores

Question 33

Sulfuric acid H2SO4

Answer 33

Forms and about atmosphere as microscopic suspended droplets, it is a component of acid deposition

Question 34

Superfund

Answer 34

A United States federal government program designed to fund the cleanup of sides contaminated with hazardous substances and pollutants. It was established as the comprehensive environmental response compensation and liability act of 1980

Question 35

Temperature inversion

Answer 35

Layer of dense cool air trapped under a layer of less dense warm air. This prevents upward flowing air currents from the developing. Air pollution in the traps where it may build up to harmful levels

Question 36

Volatile organic compounds VOCs

Answer 36

Organic compounds that exist as gases in the air. Most are hydrocarbons