Chapter 10,11 Vocab

Question 1

Clear cutting

Answer 1

Method of timber harvesting in which all trees and forested area are removed in a single cutting

Question 2

Conservation biology

Answer 2

Multidisciplinary science created to deal with the crisis of maintaining the genes species communities and ecosystems that make up earths biological diversity goals are to investigate human impact on biodiversity and develop practical approach is to preserving it

Question 3

Controlled burning

Answer 3

At least it carefully controlled surface fires that produce flammable later and decrease the chances of damaging crown fires

Question 4

Crown fire

Answer 4

Extremely hot forest fire that burns ground vegetation and treetops

Question 5

Deforestation

Answer 5

removal of trees from a forested area without adequate replanting

Question 6

Ecological restoration

Answer 6

Deliberate alteration of a degraded habitat or ecosystem to restore as much of its ecological structure and function as possible

Question 7

Endangered species

Answer 7

Wild species with so few individuals survivors that the species could soon become extinct in all or most of its natural range

Question 8

Even aged management

Answer 8

Method of forest management in which trees are maintained at about the same age and size and are harvested all at once

Question 9

Flyway

Answer 9

Generally fixed route along which water fowl migrate from one area to another at certain seasons of the year

Question 10

Game species

Answer 10

Type of wild animals that people hunt or fish for for sports and recreation and sometimes for food

Question 11

Ground fire

Answer 11

Fire that burns decayed leaves or peat deep below the ground surface

Question 12

Intrinsic value

Answer 12

Value of an organism species ecosystem or the earths biodiversity based on its existence regardless if it has any usefulness to us

Question 13

Minimum viable population

Answer 13

Estimate of the smallest number of individuals necessary to ensure their survival of a population in a region for a specified time period, typically ranging from decades to 100 years

Question 14

Old growth forest

Answer 14

Virgin and old, second growth forest containing trees that are often hundreds sometimes thousands of years old. Ex Douglasfir western hemlock giant sequoia and coastal redwoods in western United States

Question 15

Overgrazing

Answer 15

Distraction of vegetation win too many grazing animals feed too long and exceed the carrying capacity of a rangeland or pastor area

Question 16

Pasture

Answer 16

Manage to grassland or enclosed meadow that usually is planted with domesticated grasses or other forage to be grazed by livestock

Question 17

Rangeland

Answer 17

Land that supplies forage or vegetation for grazing and browsing animals and is not intensely managed

Question 18

Reforestation

Answer 18

Renewal of trees and other types of vegetation on land where trees have been removed. Can be done naturally by seeds from nearby trees or artificially by planting seeds

Question 19

Restoration ecology

Answer 19

Research and scientific study devoted to restoring repairing and reconstructing damaged ecosystems

Question 20

Riparian zones

Answer 20

Then strips and patches of vegetation that surrounds streams . very important habitat and resources for wildlife

Question 21

Second growth forest

Answer 21

Stands of trees resulting from secondary ecological succession

Question 22

Selective cutting

Answer 22

Cutting of middle-aged mature or diseased trees in an uneven aged for a stand. This encourages the growth of younger trees and maintains an uneven age stand

Question 23

Strip cutting

Answer 23

A variation of clear cutting in which a strip of trees is clear cut along the counter of the land, with the Corridor narrow enough to allow natural regeneration within a few years. after regeneration another strip is cut above the first and so on

Question 24

Surface fire

Answer 24

Forest fire that burns only undergrowth and leaf litter on the forest floor

Question 25

Threatened species

Answer 25

A wild species that is still abundant in its natural range but is likely to become endangered due to decline in numbers

Question 26

Tree plantation

Answer 26

Site planted with one or only a few tree species in an even age stand. When the stand matures it is usually harvested by clearcutting and then re-planted. These farms normally are used to grow rapidly growing tree species for fuel would timber or pulpwood

Question 27

uneven aged management

Answer 27

method of forest management in which trees of different species in a given stand or maintained at many ages and sizes to permit continuous natural regeneration.

Question 28

Wilderness

Answer 28

Area where the earth and its community of life have not been seriously disturbed by humans and where humans are only temporary visitors

Question 29

Wildlife

Answer 29

All free, and domesticated species. Sometimes the term is used to describe animals only