Unit 6/7 History Flashcards
Fall of the Roman Empire:
476 CE
Dark Ages:
600 AD – 800 CE
Middle Ages:
800 AD – 1450 CE
Battle of Hastings
1066 CE
The Crusades
1100 CE - 1300 CE
The Black Death
1347 CE (beginning date in Europe)
The Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Age of Exploration:
1450 AD – 1650 AD
The five pillars of islam
faith,charity prayer, fasting,pilgrimage
The five pillars of islam: Faith
There is one and only god, allah and muhammad in his prophet
The five pillars of islam:charity/almsgiving
Must give a portion of earnings to government in a form of a tax but any charity could be good
The five pillars of islam:prayer
Must pray 5 times a day facing mecca
The five pillars of islam:fasting
Must fast from sunrise to sunset for the month of ramadan
Some people did not have to
To learn self control
To understand the suffering of others
The five pillars of islam: pilgrimage
Once in their lifetime they must go to mecca
If you had a medical condition you did not have to go
Mecca
Point of pilgrimage
Center of trade
Crossroads for trade
Brings wealth, idea, knowledge , culture, allies(trust)
Ancient place of worship
Polytheistic
Shrines and statues
In saudi arabia
Islam
Religion
Followed by the muslims
Muhhamans
Allah
Allah is one and only god
Muhammad
founder of Islam and Allah’s prophet (messenger)
Muhammad
Muhammad was the prophet and founder of Islam. Most of his early life was spent as a merchant. At age 40, he began to have revelations from Allah that became the basis for the Koran and the foundation of Islam. By 630 he had unified most of Arabia under a single religion
Muslims (also spelled “Moslems”)
People who follow islamic religion
Koran
the Islamic sacred book, believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel and written down in Arabic. The Koran consists of 114 units of varying lengths, known as suras ; the first sura is said as part of the ritual prayer. These touch upon all aspects of human existence, including matters of doctrine, social organization, and legislation.
Crusade
a Christian religious holy war primarily in the 1100 and 1200s against the Muslims in order to regain the Holy Land
Outremer
“The Land Beyond the Sea”
Initiating the Christian Crusades to the Holy Land
General situation that had occurred in the Holy Land
Muslim invasions and conquests, driving out the Christians
Fears of the Christian Emperor of Constantinople that Muslims would attack Constantinople
Pope Urban II’s call to the European Christians
1095
His “message”:
Stop fighting each other, and instead, regain the Holy Land.
God wills it!
Promise of heaven and forgiveness of sins
Crusade
Christian holy wars against the Muslims
Infidels
“non-believers” - a derogatory term referring to the Muslims
Seljuk Turks
Muslim group that took over the Holy Land
What reasons did Europeans have for setting out on crusade?
Religious – regain the Holy Land; wash away sins; reward of Heaven after death
Seeking adventure
Business and trade opportunities
Forced by feudal lords
Escape harsh times at home—Poor
Famine
Wars in homeland
Weather
Floods
Fire
Non-stable houses
Bored – knights not allowed to fight each other
What problems did Europeans encounter prior to and/or while on the crusade?
Costly – weapons, armor, food, supplies
Lack of weapons, armor, food, supplies, and trained soldiers
Language differences while traveling into new areas and between leaders
Sickness
Lack of supplies
The journey could have been tough
Lose direction
Weather
Physical body difficulties
Hygiene
Foot where-none
Clothing
Culture difference
Language barrier
Terrain
Hospitality
Not welcome in different villages
Can’t find a place to stay
Unhospital
Leaders disagreeing
Problems in groups will arise
Directions
Where do they go
Muslims ambushed
Surprised attacked
Inability to organize the bands of crusaders and disagreements between leaders on military tactics and strategies
Marauding bands; cruel and ruthless
Climate differences
Although tragic events, what positive impact did the crusades and the contact with the Holy Land have upon Europe?
United European people in one common cause
Brought Europeans in dramatic contact with other cultures
Exposed Europeans to new trade goods
Herbs, spices, and new foods such as sugar cane and apricots
Glass, slippers, cotton, and mirrors
Encouraged travel
Spread new ideas in science, medicine, mathematics, art, and literature
Exposed Europeans to new technologies
Shipbuilding
Castle building; architecture
Decline of feudalism
Peasants had greater “bargaining power”
One-third of Europeans died journeying to and fighting in the Crusades
Serfs in Europe were in more demand by feudal lords who needed workers
Some commoners took over abandoned lands to farm
Slow emergence of a new “Middle Class”
Crusades, Exposed Europeans to new trade goods
Herbs, spices, and new foods such as sugar cane and apricots
Glass, slippers, cotton, and mirrors
crusades, Exposed Europeans to new technologies
Shipbuilding
Castle building; architecture
what was the Decline of feudalism
peasants had greater “bargaining power”
One-third of Europeans died journeying to and fighting in the Crusades
Serfs in Europe were in more demand by feudal lords who needed workers
Some commoners took over abandoned lands to farm
Slow emergence of a new “Middle Class”
Impact of the Black Death:
Serfs had “bargaining power”
With the deaths of so many serfs, those who survived were in high demand
Serfs who were not content with their lives could make greater demands on their lord or would leave the manor for another manor or for a town
With the deaths of many lords, as well as peasants, poor land in some areas was abandoned; eventually, some of this land was taken over by surviving serfs who hoped to rise in their social status
Not enough workers to produce food for all of Europe
With food shortage, prices rose
Famines occurred
Poor land was abandoned and villages fell to ruin – the remaining people left for the nearest town or city
Some crafts declined
Traders and town workers found that there was no longer a large trading market for their goods.
Some master craftsmen died and, with them, their secrets of production “died”
black death,
people who had never before been really free became independent
The European Crusades and the Black Death/the Plague had a dramatic impact on Europe, ushering in the Renaissance in the 1400s and 1500s!
