unit 6 Flashcards
What is stereotyping?
The cognitive component of attitudes toward a social group, involving beliefs about what a particular group is like.
What does stereotyping often include?
Traits, physical appearance, abilities, and behaviors.
What are gender stereotypes?
Beliefs about the characteristics of men and women, which can include positive and negative traits.
What are examples of stereotypes for women?
Women are seen as kind, nurturing, and considerate (positive) or dependent, weak, and overly emotional (negative).
What are examples of stereotypes for men?
Men are viewed as decisive, assertive, and accomplished (positive) or aggressive, insensitive, and arrogant (negative).
What is the glass ceiling?
A barrier that prevents women as a group from reaching top positions in the workplace.
What is the glass cliff effect?
Women are more likely to be promoted to leadership positions in times of crisis, when the risk of failure is higher.
What is tokenism?
The practice of admitting only a few members of a previously excluded group, often to maintain the status quo.
What is the Bechdel Test?
A film must have two or more main female characters who talk to each other about something other than men.
What is prejudice?
The affective component of stereotypes, reflecting a negative response based solely on group membership.
What can prejudice depend on?
Perceived norms and the acceptability of expressing prejudice.
What are incidental feelings?
Emotions caused by factors unrelated to the outgroup but can generate automatic prejudice.
What is the role of self-esteem in prejudice?
Threats to a group’s value can increase prejudice as a way of boosting or restoring self-esteem.
What is the impact of competition for resources on prejudice?
Zero-sum outcomes can escalate prejudice and dehumanization between groups.
What is social categorization?
Classifying people into groups, leading to favoritism toward one’s group and bias against outgroups.
What is identity fusion?
A strong overlap between self and group identity, influencing emotional responses and behavior.
What is discrimination?
The behavioral component of prejudice, involving differential actions toward members of specific groups.
How has blatant discrimination changed over time?
Blatant discrimination has decreased due to laws, social pressure, and fear of retaliation, but subtle forms persist.
What is modern racism?
Subtle forms of racism, such as avoiding or withholding support from certain groups.
What is benevolent prejudice?
Prejudice that appears positive but is still limiting, such as viewing women as nurturing but not fit for leadership.
What is recategorization?
Changing group boundaries to reduce prejudice by emphasizing shared identities.
What are the effects of tokenism on perceptions?
It can obscure structural inequalities and discourage collective action among disadvantaged groups.
How do stereotypes function as schemas?
They guide attention and influence how social information is processed, reinforcing existing beliefs.
What are implicit associations?
Automatic associations between groups and certain attributes, often contributing to prejudice.
What are the emotional effects of stereotyping?
Stereotypes influence emotional responses to members of different groups.
What is the role of norms in expressing prejudice?
Social norms can influence whether prejudice is expressed overtly or covertly.
What is dehumanization?
Viewing outgroups as less human, often in the context of intense competition or conflict.
How does prejudice alter information processing?
Prejudice can increase attention to stereotype-consistent information, reinforcing biases.
What is the impact of intergroup contact on prejudice?
Positive interactions between groups can reduce prejudice and stereotypes.
What is the impact of implicit biases on decision-making?
Implicit biases can unconsciously influence judgments and behaviors, perpetuating inequality.
