UNIT 6 Flashcards
gradable antonym
opposite ends of a continuum
young-old
complimentary antonym
no middle ground
dead-alive
relational antonym
opposite points of view on the same interaction
win-lose
Homophones
same pronounciation
different meaning
two-too-to
homograph
same spelling
different meaning
TEAR
homonyms
same BOTH spelling and pronounciation
polysemy
single word
two different meanings
-cap
fuzzy concepts
a concepy with no clear cut boundaries
-tall
-old
prototype
first thing that comes to you when thinking of an example of something
conventionalized metaphor
a metaphor that has become fully integrated intoa language
-bob is a pig
conceptual metaphor
holding two general concepts
-drunk = hammered
Lexicalization
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
language effects how speakers conceptualize the world
Subject
the instigator
object
the undergoer of an event
Agent
the subject that must be able to also add an adverb
experiencer
a subject experiencing an event of perception, sensation, etc
ambiguity
extending the sentace with more detail
cause
instigates an even that was not purposeful
-the hurricane destroyed the house
instrument
an item that gets manipulated by someone
-the knife cut through the cake
patient
something/someone undergoes an event and is changed or effected by it
-the dog ate my homework
theme
someone undergoes an event but is not effected by it
goal
entity that has an endpoint
-the class travelled to England
location
the place where it happened
entailments
sentance A guarantees the truth of sentance B
NO ASSUMPTIONS
presuppositions
assumed sentences
-lucy is late again
implicatures
a hidden meaning
-its getting late
maxim of Relation
relevance
maxim of quantity
exactly imformative
maxim of manner
not direct
-i dont dislike him
(you don’t like him)
maxim of quality
truthful but avoiding exact question
“has your sister ever competed in tour de france?”
“well, she owns a bike”
