Unit 6

Question 1

The process of using solar energy to manufacture sugars

Answer 1

photosynthesis

Question 2

Use solar energy to generate proton motive force to create ATP, and to reduce electron carriers

Answer 2

light-dependent reactions

Question 3

Use ATP to drive reactions that reduce CO2 into C6H12O6 using electrons from electron carriers

Answer 3

light-independent reactions

Question 4

What is the relationship between light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions?

Answer 4

the light-dependent reactions provide the reactants used in the light independent reactions to manufacture sugar

Question 5

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 5

leaf

Question 6

What is the structure of a leaf?

Answer 6

cuticle, epidermis, mesophyll, chloroplast

Question 7

What is the cuticle?

Answer 7

waxy covering that inhibits water loss

Question 8

What is the epidermis?

Answer 8

tissue of closesly arranged cells that act as a barrier to water loss and microbial invasion

Question 9

What are stoma?

Answer 9

pores in the epidermis that allow gas exchange

Question 10

What is the mesophyll?

Answer 10

tissue below the epidermis that contains a high concentration of chloroplasts

Question 11

What is chloroplast?

Answer 11

consists of at least three layers of membrane

Question 12

What are pigments?

Answer 12

chemical compounds that reflect and absorb specific wavelengths

Question 13

Photosynthetic pigments that capture light energy; energy that is captured with an integral magnesium ion

Answer 13

chlorophylls

Question 14

Which chlorophyll absorbs wavelengths in the violet and red spectra?

Answer 14

chlorophyll a

Question 15

Which chlorophyll absorbs wavelengths in the blue and orange spectra?

Answer 15

chlorphyll b

Question 16

Other photosynthetic pigments that do not reflect green light; absorb in the violet to green spectra

Answer 16

accessory pigments

Question 17

What is a photosystem?

Answer 17

structural proteins that house photosynthetic pigments and molecules that perform redox reactions

Question 18

Consists of structural proteins and many chlorphyll A and chlorphyll B molecules.

Answer 18

light-harvesting complex

Question 19

Contains a pair of chlorphyll A molecules that are reduced by the light energy from the light-harvesting complex

Answer 19

reaction center core

Question 20

Pair of chlorophyll molecules in photosystem 2

Answer 20

p680

Question 21

Pair of chlorophyll molecules in photosystem 1

Answer 21

p700

Question 22

Primary electron acceptor; molecule that recieves electron from P680 or P700.

Answer 22

PEA

Question 23

What is a photon?

Answer 23

packet of energy from the sun; behaves as a wave and a particle

Question 24

Electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 24

full range of photons from the sun

Question 25

What is color perception?

Answer 25

a prooduct of the photons that are reflected, not absorbed

Question 26

Absorbs light energy and passes an electron to an associated electron transport chain.

Answer 26

photosystem 2

Question 27

Generates a proton motive force that is used to manufacture ATP.

Answer 27

electron transport chain

Question 28

Absorbs light energy and passes the electron to an enzyme that reduced NADP+ to NADPH

Answer 28

photosystem 1

Question 29

What is chlorphyll excitation?

Answer 29

when a chlorphyll in the light-harvesting complex absorbs a proton, an electron moves out an energy shell on the magnesium ion

Question 30

What is the function of photosystem 2?

Answer 30

to create ATP

Question 31

What do the light reactions make?

Answer 31

ingredients for sugar

Question 32

What do dark reactions make?

Answer 32

sugar, using the ingredients made from the light reactions

Question 33

Light-independent reactions are also called ___.

Answer 33

the calvin cycle

Question 34

What is phase 1 of the dark reactions?

Answer 34

carbon fixation

Question 35

What occurs during carbon fixation?

Answer 35

3 CO2 molecules are attached to three rubisco molecules, which are then enzymatically broken into 6 3-carbon intermediates

Question 36

What is phase 2 of the dark reactions?

Answer 36

reduction

Question 37

What occurs during reduction?

Answer 37

3 phosphoglycerate is enzymatically reduced to G3P; 6 ATP molecules power the reduction reaction, and 6 NADPH provide electrons, produces 6 G3P

Question 38

What is phase 3 of the dark reactions?

Answer 38

rubisco regeneration

Question 39

What is rubisco regeneration?

Answer 39

five remaining G3P used to regenerate rubisco; powered by 3 ATP

Question 40

What happens when photosynthesis goes wrong?

Answer 40

photorespiration

Question 41

What occurs during photorespiration?

Answer 41

when plants are water stressed, stoma close which curbs the rate of water loss but also prevents the exchange of O2 for CO2; rubisco then fixes O2 instead of CO2

Question 42

What are two solutions to photorespiration?

Answer 42

C4 pathway and CAM pathway