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BIOL 1000 (Exam 2) > Unit 6 > Flashcards

Unit 6 Flashcards

Unit 6

1
Q

The process of using solar energy to manufacture sugars

A

photosynthesis

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2
Q

Use solar energy to generate proton motive force to create ATP, and to reduce electron carriers

A

light-dependent reactions

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3
Q

Use ATP to drive reactions that reduce CO2 into C6H12O6 using electrons from electron carriers

A

light-independent reactions

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4
Q

What is the relationship between light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions?

A

the light-dependent reactions provide the reactants used in the light independent reactions to manufacture sugar

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5
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur?

A

leaf

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6
Q

What is the structure of a leaf?

A

cuticle, epidermis, mesophyll, chloroplast

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7
Q

What is the cuticle?

A

waxy covering that inhibits water loss

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8
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

tissue of closesly arranged cells that act as a barrier to water loss and microbial invasion

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9
Q

What are stoma?

A

pores in the epidermis that allow gas exchange

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10
Q

What is the mesophyll?

A

tissue below the epidermis that contains a high concentration of chloroplasts

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11
Q

What is chloroplast?

A

consists of at least three layers of membrane

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12
Q

What are pigments?

A

chemical compounds that reflect and absorb specific wavelengths

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13
Q

Photosynthetic pigments that capture light energy; energy that is captured with an integral magnesium ion

A

chlorophylls

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14
Q

Which chlorophyll absorbs wavelengths in the violet and red spectra?

A

chlorophyll a

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15
Q

Which chlorophyll absorbs wavelengths in the blue and orange spectra?

A

chlorphyll b

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16
Q

Other photosynthetic pigments that do not reflect green light; absorb in the violet to green spectra

A

accessory pigments

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17
Q

What is a photosystem?

A

structural proteins that house photosynthetic pigments and molecules that perform redox reactions

18
Q

Consists of structural proteins and many chlorphyll A and chlorphyll B molecules.

A

light-harvesting complex

19
Q

Contains a pair of chlorphyll A molecules that are reduced by the light energy from the light-harvesting complex

A

reaction center core

20
Q

Pair of chlorophyll molecules in photosystem 2

A

p680

21
Q

Pair of chlorophyll molecules in photosystem 1

A

p700

22
Q

Primary electron acceptor; molecule that recieves electron from P680 or P700.

A

PEA

23
Q

What is a photon?

A

packet of energy from the sun; behaves as a wave and a particle

24
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

full range of photons from the sun

25
Q

What is color perception?

A

a prooduct of the photons that are reflected, not absorbed

26
Q

Absorbs light energy and passes an electron to an associated electron transport chain.

A

photosystem 2

27
Q

Generates a proton motive force that is used to manufacture ATP.

A

electron transport chain

28
Q

Absorbs light energy and passes the electron to an enzyme that reduced NADP+ to NADPH

A

photosystem 1

29
Q

What is chlorphyll excitation?

A

when a chlorphyll in the light-harvesting complex absorbs a proton, an electron moves out an energy shell on the magnesium ion

30
Q

What is the function of photosystem 2?

A

to create ATP

31
Q

What do the light reactions make?

A

ingredients for sugar

32
Q

What do dark reactions make?

A

sugar, using the ingredients made from the light reactions

33
Q

Light-independent reactions are also called ___.

A

the calvin cycle

34
Q

What is phase 1 of the dark reactions?

A

carbon fixation

35
Q

What occurs during carbon fixation?

A

3 CO2 molecules are attached to three rubisco molecules, which are then enzymatically broken into 6 3-carbon intermediates

36
Q

What is phase 2 of the dark reactions?

A

reduction

37
Q

What occurs during reduction?

A

3 phosphoglycerate is enzymatically reduced to G3P; 6 ATP molecules power the reduction reaction, and 6 NADPH provide electrons, produces 6 G3P

38
Q

What is phase 3 of the dark reactions?

A

rubisco regeneration

39
Q

What is rubisco regeneration?

A

five remaining G3P used to regenerate rubisco; powered by 3 ATP

40
Q

What happens when photosynthesis goes wrong?

A

photorespiration

41
Q

What occurs during photorespiration?

A

when plants are water stressed, stoma close which curbs the rate of water loss but also prevents the exchange of O2 for CO2; rubisco then fixes O2 instead of CO2

42
Q

What are two solutions to photorespiration?

A

C4 pathway and CAM pathway

BIOL 1000 (Exam 2) (4 decks)

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