unit 6

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

process of storing and retrieving information in our brains

Question 2

Encoding

Answer 2

moving information into the memory system, automatic processing & effortful processing.

Question 3

Storage

Answer 3

retention of information, sensory & short term and long term.

Question 4

Retrieval

Answer 4

accessing memories after they have been stored.

Question 5

Automatic Processing

Answer 5

unconscious encoding.

Question 6

Effortful Processing

Answer 6

encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.

Question 7

Sensory Memories

Answer 7

deciding if a sensation is important or not (1-4 seconds).

Question 8

Short Term Memories

Answer 8

hold 5-9 chunks of info at one time (20 seconds without rehearsal).

Question 9

Long Term Memories

Answer 9

permanent and limitless.

Question 10

Explicit Memories

Answer 10

memories that you are aware of using (hippocampus + frontal lobes), facts and experiences.

Question 11

Implicit Memories

Answer 11

memories that you are not aware of using (cerebellum), skills & tasks (“body memory”).

Question 12

Recall

Answer 12

remembering something “off the top of your head.”

Question 13

Recognition

Answer 13

remembering something once you have seen it.

Question 14

Cognitive Abilities

Answer 14

mental activities associated with thinking, knowing and remembering.

Question 15

Concept

Answer 15

in order to make sense of information, the brain develops concepts.

Question 16

Prototype

Answer 16

best example of a concept.

Question 17

Concept Hierarchy

Answer 17

used to keep mental information organized.

Question 18

Algorithm

Answer 18

a strategy that guarantees a solution.

Question 19

Heuristic

Answer 19

rule of thumb that makes a situation likely but not guaranteed.

Question 20

Insight

Answer 20

sudden realization of a solution.

Question 21

Fixation

Answer 21

an idea applied so rigidly it hinders solutions.

Question 22

Confirmation Bias

Answer 22

focus on information to confirm preconceptions.

Question 23

Framing

Answer 23

the way an issue is presented can affect judgment.

Question 24

Overconfidence

Answer 24

confidence is greater than accuracy.

Question 25

Intelligence

Answer 25

the ability to learn from experience, solve problems and apply knowledge to new solutions.

Question 26

Gardner’s Theory of Intelligence

Answer 26

there are 8 types of intelligence (music, picture, body, people, word, logic, nature & self).

Question 27

Sternberg’s Theory of Intelligence

Answer 27

there are 3 types of intelligence (analytical: analyze, compare & evaluate; creative: create, invent & design; practical: apply, use & do).

Question 28

Alfred Binet

Answer 28

developed the first intelligence test, created mental age.

Question 29

Mental Age

Answer 29

difficulty of questions answered.

Question 30

Stanford-Binet Test

Answer 30

created the intelligence quotient (IQ), Lewis Stanford built onto the test.

Question 31

IQ

Answer 31

Intelligence quotient

Question 32

IQ Formula

Answer 32

divide mental age by chronological age and multiply by 100.

Question 33

Wechsler

Answer 33

(David Wechsler) created a battery of individual tests, meant to test different age groups verbal & non-verbal abilities.