unit 5 Flashcards
Classical Conditioning
to associate an involuntary response and a stimulus.
Who was Pavlov?
laid out basic principles of classical conditioning, dog metronome test.
Who was Watson?
Sought to prove that our behaviors were based on responses to our environment, Little Albert test- make him afraid of rabbits.
Stimulus Generalization
reacting to stimuli that resemble the conditioned stimuli.
Acquisition
process of developing a new, learned response.
Extinction
after repeated lack of association between conditioned stimulus & conditioned response, conditioned response goes away.
Operant Conditioning
associate a voluntary behavior and a consequence.
Shaping
to train behavior with a reinforcement or a punishment.
Primary Reinforcement
basic needs like food, water, warmth.
Secondary Reinforcement
learned to be awarding by pairing with primary reinforcer (Money buys food).
Who was Skinner?
used shaping to train behavior, ¨skinner’s box¨- boxes where he kept lab rats and pigeons.
What are the 5 types of reinforcement?
Continuous, Fixed Ratio, Variable Ratio, Fixed Interval & Variable Interval
Continuous
every time a behavior occurs, it is reinforced.
Fixed Ratio
always the same # of times.
Variable Ratio
of times changes.
Fixed Interval
always the same amount of time has passed.
Variable Interval
amount of time that has passed changes.
Observational Learning
how do we learn by watching others?
Bandura
people learn behaviors by watching others & learning does not always result in a change of behavior.
Bobo doll experiment
A test to see if children were to witness an aggressive behavior done by an adult, would the children repeat the behavior if they had the chance.
Vicarious Learning
learning by seeing the consequences of another’s behavior.
Modeling
displaying patterns of behavior that are imitated by others.
Antisocial Learning
negative and destructive behaviors.
Prosocial Learning
positive and constructive behaviors.
Instincts
inherited behavior that is rigidly patterned in a species.
Drive-Reduction Theory
psychological need causes tension that an organism needs to satisfy.
Extrinsic Motivation
gain an award or fear of punishment.
Self Actualization
realizing full and unique potential, at the top of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
What are the Five levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
Self Actualization, Self-Esteem, Love and Belonging, Safety and Security, Psychological Needs
Self Actualization
morality, creativity, spontaneity, acceptance.
Self-Esteem
confidence, achievement, respect of others.
Love and Belonging
friendship, family, intimacy, sense of connection.
Safety and Security
health, employment, property, family and social stability.
Psychological Needs
breathing, food, water, shelter, clothing, sleep.
