Unit 6 Flashcards
Learning aim A,B,C,D
What is a statutory service?
A service required by law
what is a none statutory service
A service not required by law
Roles of the Police
Protect life and property, Keep the Kings peace, Maintain public order, Enforce the law, Respond to emergencies
Roles of the Fire and Rescue service
Extinguish fires, protect life and property, Promote fire safety, Respond to emergencies
Roles of the Ambulance service
triage and treat patients, Respond to emergencies, Protect life
Roles of the Armed services
Protect the UK and its interests, Support international peacekeeping, support civil authorities
Roles of custodial care
Punishment/Rehabilitation of offenders, Protect society from those who break the law
Role of Local authorities
Provision of education at different levels, Refuse collection, Social services/care provision, Environmental provision, Provision of social housing
Types of Uniformed Non-Statutory services
The Salvation Army, St Johns Ambulance, Red Cross, Mountain and Cave Rescue
Types of Non-Uniformed Non-Statutory services
Utility companies, Public Transportation, Charity organisations
What is Democracy
A form of government in which Representatives of the people who are elected in a free and fair election to make decisions and run the country on the public’s behalf
What is a republic
A form of government in which the people elect, or choose, their leaders. In most countries with a republican government, the people elect the head of the government, such as a president
What is the two types of monarchy
Absolute monarchy, constitutional monarchy
What is an absolute monarchy
a form of government in which a single person holds absolute autocratic power
Example of absolute monarchy
Oman, Saudi Arabia
What is a constitutional monarchy
A form of government in which a monarch acts as the head of state within the parameters of a written or unwritten constitution. Political power is shared between the monarch and a constitutionally organised government such as parliament.
example of constitutional monarchy
UK, Sweden, Japan
What is communism
A political system of social organisation in which all property is owned by the community and each person contributes and receives according to their ability and needs.
Examples of communism
North Korea, China
What is the three parts of the separation of power
Executive, Legislature, Judiciary
Who is the Executive
Government, PM, the cabinet and other ministers
Who is the Legislature
Parliament, Members of the House of Commons and Lords
Who is the Judiciary
Judges
Role of Central Government
Taxation, Maintenance of defence capabilities, Participate in international treaties and agreements, ensure the integrity of the UK
Role of the House of Commons
Making Laws, Controlling finance, Hold the government to account, Debate important issues
Role of the House of Lords
Making laws, In depth considerations of pubic policy, Hold the government to account
Role of the Monarchy
Be head of state, Opening/closing of parliament Appoints the PM/ Royal assent to bills, Appoints peers, Head of the commonwealth
Role of the PM
Allocation of duties to ministers, Appointment and dismissal of ministers, Appointment of chairs of national industries, Give out honours, Setting agendas for government businesses, Control of information released to government ministers
Role of the cabinet
Main body that controls policy and coordinates activity of governmental departments
Who is in the cabinet
Chaired by the PM, consists of most of the ministerial heads of departments as well as some additional members
What are Civil servants
Independent of the government, not elected or appointed by political parties, politically neutral, there to support the government in its policy wishes and decisions
What is Devolution
the transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially by the central government to a local or regional administration
What are the Regional Assemblies
Scottish Parliament, Welsh Assembly, Northern Ireland Assembly
What powers do the Scottish Parliament have
Own separate legal system and police force, Right to raise or lower their own taxes, Their own health service, Their own education system, Power to introduce laws that just impact Scotland
What does the Welsh Assembly do
Representing Wales and its people, Making laws for wales, Agreeing welsh taxes, holding the welsh government to account
What does the Northern Island Assembly do
Represents Northern Island and its people, Making legislation, Scrutinising the executive committee
What are the two classes of local government
Single tier, 2 tier
What local governments are part of single tier
Unitary authorities, Metropolitan districts, London boroughs
What local governments are part of 2 tier
County councils, District councils
What do County councils do
Responsible for services across the whole of a country such as: Planning permission, Transport, Libraries, Social care, Waste management, Trading standards, Public safety, Education
What do unitary authorities do
Carry out all the duties of both county and district councils
What do Districts, Borough and City councils do
Cover areas smaller than countries and are often responsible for services such as: Council tax collection, recycling, refuse collection, recycling, housing
what do Parish and Town councils do
Work below the level of district councils providing services such as: Community centres, allotments, bus shelters, play areas, litter, graffiti, neighbourhood planning
Role of the PCC(Police and Crime Commissioner)
Secure an efficient and effective police service for their area, Appoint the chief constable and hold them to account for running the force, set the police and crime objectives for their area through a police and crime plan, set the force budget, contribute to national and international policing capabilities set out by the Home Secretary
Different types of taxes
Income tax, VAT, Inheritance tax, Cooperation tax
What is austerity
Strict economic policies that a government imposes to control growing public debt
Who does austerity impact?
Protective services, Protective service employees, communities
How does austerity impact?
Lack of resources, added stress, Slower response times, reduced manpower, poorer service to the community, station closures
What does the PCC do
voice of the people, hold the police to account
what does the Independent Office for police conduct(IOPC) do?
Oversees the police complaints system in England and Wales
Why is financial accountability important?
It is important that the money allocated to each service is spent wisely and that budgets are not overstretched, the public pay taxes that make up the money that protective services use so it cant be wasted.
What is the judicial review
It is the type of court proceeding in which a judge reviews the lawfulness of a decision or action made by a public body
What is green paper
documents produced by the government to allow people both inside and outside parliament to give the department feedback on its policy or legislative proposals
What is white paper
policy documents produced by the government that sets out their proposals for future legislation
What is the five stages on how a bill becomes a law
First reading, Second reading, Committee stage, Report Stage, Third Reading
What happens in the first reading
This is the stage where the bill is introduced, there is no debating in this stage
What happens in the Second reading
General points of the bill is debated not diving into specifics
What happens in the Committee Stage
Committee stage is where detailed examination of the Bill takes place, Every clause in the Bill is agreed to, changed or removed from the Bill, although this may happen without debate.
What happens in the Report Stage
Report stage gives MPs an opportunity, on the floor of the House, to consider further amendments (proposals for change) to a Bill.
What happens in the Third Reading
Third reading is the final chance to debate the contents of a Bill. It usually takes place immediately after report stage as the next item of business on the same day.
What is the consideration of Amendments
When a Bill has passed through third reading in both Houses it is returned to the first House (where it started) for the second House’s amendments (proposals for change) to be considered.
What is Ping-Pong
it is when one house makes a change to the bill and sends it back to the other house
What is Royal Assent
Royal Assent is the Monarch’s agreement to make the Bill into an Act and is a formality.
What is Implementation
Once a Bill has received Royal Assent and it becomes an Act of parliament, it might not immediately become law. There is normally a period of time allowed to let people know about the law and ensure fairness
Examples of impacts that Government Policy could have on the Protective Services
Changes in Budget for different services, Civilisation, The Human Rights Act 1998, The Equality Act 2010, Declaration of war, Use of technology, Increasing use of reserves, Target setting such as response time
How can the protective services respond to government policy
The majority of the services are not allowed to go on strike or withdraw labour to protest, this could potentially end up with prison time, however some services such as the fire service have the right to strike. Nurses have an agreement with the government that they will only strike if its not to the detriment of the patients that are in hospital
How can the public respond to government policy
Civil disobedience, Public demonstrations, Meetings that require police attendance, Picketing, Sit ins, Petitions.
